马氏刺蛇尾摄食习性的初步研究  

Preliminary study on the feeding habits of Ophiothrix marenzelleri Koehler

作　　者：房景辉[1] 张继红[1] 杜美荣[1] 蒋增杰[1] 姜绪[1] 方建光[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2013年第5期1086-1091,共6页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家973计划项目(2011CB409805);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD13B06);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(20603022013042);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金獐子岛碳汇专项(20603022011003)

摘　　要：在实验室条件下, 对马氏刺蛇尾（Ophiothrix marenzelleri Koehler）的饵料选择性、摄食率和摄食行为等进行了初步研究。结果表明, 马氏刺蛇尾仅能摄食悬浮的有机颗粒, 对食物种类没有选择性, 但对悬浮颗粒的粒径具有选择性。观测结果显示, 其摄食的食物粒径范围为10-1 000 μm, 食物种类包括动植物碎屑、细胞较大的海洋微藻扁藻（Platymonas subcordiformis）和小新月菱形藻（Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima）等。因此, 马氏刺蛇尾的食性属杂食性, 是蛇尾中食微类群的成员。马氏刺蛇尾不摄食时, 常处于静止状态或腕末端翘起; 摄食时数条腕翘起在水中摇动, 通过腕部的管足摆动将水体中的适宜食物颗粒聚集成球状颗粒运送到口中。小规格马氏刺蛇尾的摄食率显著高于较大规格蛇尾（P〈〈0.05）, 马氏刺蛇尾在一昼夜中的摄食高峰出现在8 ：00-14 ：00, 但是全天均有蛇尾摄食, 其昼夜摄食节律属于无明显节律型。Ophiuroids are important components of the macrobenthos and marine ecosystem. However, most previous studies have focused on taxonomy and little is known of their biology or ecology. References on ophiuroids in the Chinese literature are both few and dated. This study focused on the food preference, feeding rate, and feeding behavior of Ophiothrix marenzelleri. The objectives were （1） to achieve an understanding of the feeding habits of O. marenzelleri, （2） to supplement the literature on ophiuroids, and （3） to attract people＇s attention on the study of ophiuroids. The results revealed that O. marenzelleri can only feed on suspended organic particles through differentiating food particles by size. It can feed on particles ranging in diameter from 10 to 1 000 μm, including Platymonas subcordiformis with diameter of （10.3±1.2） μm and Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima （length, 12-23 μm, width, 2-3 μm）. O. marenzelleri is both polyphagic and a member of microphagous group. When the O. marenzelleri were ingesting, their arms swayed in the water. The food was collected and formed into a small food ball by the tube feet at the end of the arm. The food ball was then transported to the mouth and became enlarged. When they were not ingesting, the arms were either stationary or cocked at the end. The feeding rate of smaller O. marenzelleri was significantly higher than that of larger ones （P 〈 0.05）. A peak in feeding activity occurred between 8：00-14：00, but there were some O. marenzelleri that ingested food at any time. Therefore, no specific feeding rhythm was observed.

关 键 词：马氏刺蛇尾 摄食习性 饵料选择 摄食率 摄食节律 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]