南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)幼鱼日粮中适宜常量营养素(蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物)需求量研究  

OPTIMAL MACRONUTRIENTS(PROTEIN,LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE)OF FORMULATED DIETS FOR SOUTHERN CATFISH(SILURUS MERIDIONALIS)JUVENILES

作　　者：冯健[1] 彭淇[1] 吴彬[1] 陈斌[1] 梁品恒[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学海洋研究中心,南宁530004

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2013年第4期953-960,共8页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：广西科技厅攻关项目资助;122201-3号

摘　　要：采用混合试验中的Cornell均匀设计法研究了初始重为(2.0±0.0)g的南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)幼鱼日粮中常量营养素(蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物)的适宜需求量。日粮中蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物梯度变化范围分别为33%—51%、3%—18%和24%—33%,试验周期为40d。试验结果表明,试验日粮中3种常量营养素含量对南方鲇幼鱼成活率没有显著影响(P>0.05)。当日粮蛋白质水平≤45%时,其特定生长率随着日粮蛋白质水平上升而增加。当日粮脂肪水平≤9%时,其特定生长率随着日粮脂肪水平上升而增加;但当日粮中脂肪含量≥12%时,鱼体和肝脏脂肪含量显著上升,肝细胞脂肪变性明显。33%碳水化合物日粮组鱼特定生长率较24%、27%和30%组鱼显著降低,同时鱼体和肝脏糖原含量显著增加(P<0.05)。试验表明,南方鲇幼鱼日粮蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物3种常量营养素的适宜需求量分别为45%、9%和≤30%。日粮总能约为19.0kJ/g。To investigate the optimal composition of macronutrients （protein, lipid and carbohydrate） for Southern catfish （Silurus meridionalis） juveniles [（2.0±0.0）g initial weight], Cornell Design in experiments with mixture was used. Protein, lipid, and carbohydrate varied between 33%—51%, 3%—18% and 24%—33% respectively and the test lasted for 40 days. The experimental results show that the dietary macronutrient composition was not reflected in the survival rate of the fish significantly （P〈0.05）. There was a positive effect on the growth when increasing dietary protein levels up until 45% or lipid levels up until 9%. The lipid contents in fish body and liver increased significantly （P〉0.05）, and fat in hepatocytes was degenerated obviously as dietary lipid level was ≥12%. The specific growth rates of 33% dietary carbohydrate group was significantly reduced while glycogen in the body and liver boosted compared to those of lower percentage dietary groups （P〈0.05）. It could be concluded that the optimal protein requirement was 45%, based on the limits of 9% for lipids and ≤30% for carbohydrate in the diets, while the dietary general energy is about 19.0kJ/g for Southern catfish juveniles.

关 键 词：南方鲇 Cornell方法 常量营养素 蛋白质 脂肪 碳水化合物 

分 类 号：S963.73[农业科学—水产养殖]