论新本质主义中的自然类与自然律概念  

Natural Kinds and the Laws of Nature in New Essentialism

作　　者：张建琴[1] 张华夏[2] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学,广州510006 [2]中山大学,广州510275

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2013年第5期5-10,共6页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"科学中的模型研究"(13YJC720030)

摘　　要：科学的目的是要发现新的自然类和探索新的自然律,所以对这两个概念的哲学反思是十分重要的。自从1969年奎因用自然类的概念破解了著名的亨普尔归纳悖论和古德曼的"新归纳之谜"后,关于自然类和自然律的哲学研究有了迅猛的发展,1994年埃利斯和其他人提出新本质主义的世界观后,哲学界有大批研究科学本体论的论著的出现,论证自然界是由客观存在的自然律支配的自然类等级系统,使科学本体论发展到一个新本质主义阶段,不过这一新思潮还不成熟,至少有两个重大问题没有解决,一是自然类与维特根斯坦的家族类似类的关系问题,另一是非还原物理主义实在论的建构问题。The aim of science is to discover new natural kinds and explore new laws of nature,so the philosophical reflection based on the two concepts is very important.Since 1968,Quine solved Hempel＇s paradox of induction and Goodman＇s＂the new riddle of induction＂with the concept of natural kinds.The research on natural kinds and laws of nature has got rapid development.B.Ellis and some other philosophers proposed a novel theory called ＂New Essentialism＂in 1994.After them there were a large number of philosophical works on it to argue that the world is a hierarchical system governed by the laws of nature,which have improved the development of scientific realism to a new stage.However,the new essentialist school is not mature.There are two unsolved problems at least.The one is what is the relationship between the natural kinds and Wittgenstein＇s family resemblant kinds;the other is how to construct new laws of nature based on the anti-reductional realism of physicalism.

关 键 词：新本质主义 自然类 自然律 倾向性性质 非还原物理主义实在论 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]