景观带尺度高寒区水文特征时空变化规律研究  

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Hydrological Characteristic on the Landscape Zone Scale in Alpine Cold Region

作　　者：杨永刚[1,2] 胡晋飞[1] 肖洪浪[2] 邹松兵[2] 尹振良[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学黄土高原研究所,太原030006 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《环境科学》2013年第10期3797-3803,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41201043);国家自然科学基金项目(91225302,41240002);国际科技合作项目(2012DFA20770);山西省青年科技研究基金项目(2012021026-3);山西省科技重大专项(20121101011)

摘　　要：目前高寒区景观带尺度水文规律的研究还非常薄弱.同位素技术被用来甄别高寒区不同景观带冰川、积雪、冻土、地表水、地下水和降雨等对径流的贡献组合及其时空变化规律,旨在揭示各景观带的水文规律.结果表明马粪沟流域雨季降雨量大,温度效应显著,易发生再次蒸发,致使各水体δ18O和δD较高.干季气温低,降水多为固态,蒸发弱,不易受到再次蒸发和周围水汽交换影响,致使各水体δ18O和δD相对偏负.降雨和各水体在雨季富集重D和18O,干季较贫重同位素,存在季节效应.降雨存在高程效应,δ18O=-0.005 2 H-8.951,R=-0.917 2;δD=-0.018 5 H-34.873,R=-0.876 3.流域各景观带各水体在雨季和干季均不存在高程效应,是因为出山径流均非以降雨直接补给为主,受冰川、积雪和冻土等冻融过程影响,降水、融水、地表水与地下水等相互转化,导致同位素特征发生变化,混合和蒸发效应是其同位素变化的主要控制因素.There are few studies on the hydrological characteristics on the landscape zone scale in alpine cold region at present. This paper aimed to identify the spatial and temporal variations in the origin and composition of the runoff, and to reveal the hydrological characteristics in each zone, based on the isotopic analysis of glacier, snow, frozen soil, groundwater, etc. The results showed that during the wet season, heavy precipitation and high temperature in the Mafengou River basin caused secondary evaporation which led to isotope fractionation effects. Therefore, the isotope values remained high. Temperature effects were significant. During the dry season, the temperature was low. Precipitation was in the solid state during the cold season and the evaporation was weak. Water vapor came from the evaporation of local water bodies. Therefore, less secondary evaporation and water vapor exchange occurred, leading to negative values of δ18O and δD. δ18O and δD values of precipitation and various water bodies exhibited strong seasonal variations. Precipitation exhibited altitude effects, δ18O = -0. 005 2H - 8. 951 , δD = -0. 018 5H - 34. 873. Other water bodies did not show altitude effects in the wet season and dry season, because the runoff was not only recharged by precipitation, but also influenced by the freezing and thawing process of the glacier, snow and frozen soil. The mutual transformation of precipitation, melt water, surface water and groundwater led to variations in isotopic composition. Therefore, homogenization and evaporation effect are the main control factors of isotope variations.

关 键 词：同位素 景观带尺度 水文过程 季节效应 高程效应 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]