酸性矿山废水区域废矿石中真核生物多样性分析  

Microeukaryotic Biodiversity in the Waste Ore Samples Surrounding an Acid Mine Drainage Lake

作　　者：李思远[1,2] 郝春博[1,2] 王丽华[1,2] 吕铮[3] 张丽娜[1,2] 刘莹[1,2] 冯传平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地下水循环与环境演化教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院,北京100083 [3]石家庄钢铁股份有限公司(鑫跃烧结),石家庄050033

出　　处：《环境科学》2013年第10期4105-4111,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40802059);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2652012028;2652013100)

摘　　要：采集安徽某铁矿酸性矿山废水库周边的废矿石样品,分析了样品的主要物化参数,进而利用分子生物学方法,构建真核生物18S rDNA克隆文库,对样品中的真核生物多样性和群落结构进行了研究.结果表明,该区域呈现强酸性,pH均在3以下,Fe、SO2-4、P、NO-3-N含量都显示同一个趋势,即裸露的废矿石样品PD和1M的含量高于有植被覆盖的样品LW和XC.4个样品含有子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)和节肢动物门(Arthropoda)这4类真核生物.其中球囊菌门可以与植物形成绝对共生关系,是早期植物适应陆地环境的关键.包含球囊菌门的样品LW和XC,有植被保护,其生物多样性比裸露的废矿石样品PD和1M的生物多样性更丰富.此外,还发现样品中存在很多对极低pH、重金属有耐受力的菌种,如Penicillium purpurogenum、Chaetothyriales sp.、Staninwardia suttonii等.The abandoned mineral samples were collected in an acid mine drainage area in Anhui Province. Molecular ecological methods were used to construct 18S rDNA clone libraries after analyzing the main physicoehemieal parameters, and then the microeukaryotic diversity and community structure in the acid mine drainage area were studied. The results showed that the region was strongly acidic （pH 〈 3） , and the concentrations of Fe, SO42- , P, NO3- -N showed the same trend, all higher in the bare waste ore samples PD and 1 M than in the vegetation covered samples LW and XC. Four eukaryotic phyla were detected in the abandoned mineral samples： Ascomyeota, Basidiomyeota, Glomeromyeota and Arthropoda. Glomeromycota can form an absolute symbiotic relationship with the plant, and it was a key factor for early plant to adapt the terrestrial environment. The biodiversity of the vegetation covered samples LW and XC, which contained Glomeromycota, was much higher than that of the bare abandoned rock samples PD and 1M. Moreover, many sequences in the libraries were closely related to some isolated strains, which are tolerant to low pH and heavy metals, such as Penicillium purpurogenum, Chaetothyriales sp. and Staninwardia suttonii.

关 键 词：酸性矿山废水 废矿石 耐重金属 18S RDNA 群落结构 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]