测量不确定度基本原理和评定方法及在材料检测中的评定实例 第一讲 测量不确定度的基本原理和定义  

Basic Principle and Evaluation Method of Measurement Uncertainty and Evaluation Illustrations in Material Detection Lecture No.1 Basic Principle and Definitions of Measurement Uncertainty

作　　者：王承忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]宝山钢铁股份有限公司 特殊钢分公司,上海200940

出　　处：《理化检验（物理分册）》2013年第9期597-604,617,共9页Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis(Part A:Physical Testing)

摘　　要：在实验室质量体系运行中,测量不确定度评定及其应用是非常重要的。为此,该专题报告论述了测量不确定度的基本原理及其在材料检测中的应用。根据新发布的JJF 1059.1-2012介绍了有关的术语和定义、测量不确定度的评定、有效位数、评定中应注意的问题、报告与表示等。并对热轧带肋钢筋拉伸试验结果、光学显微镜检测钢材的脱碳层厚度试验结果、原子吸收分光光度计测定铜含量的结果进行了详细的不确定度评定,以作为测量不确定度在材料检测中应用的典型实例。The evaluation and applications of measurement uncertainty are very important in operations of the laboratory＇s quality system. For this reason, the basic principle of measurement uncertainty and its applications in detection of materials were discussed. The terms and definitions, evaluation of measurement uncertainty, significant places of number, advertent problems for evaluation of measurement uncertainty, report and expression etc. were also introduced according to the recently released JJF 1059. 1-2012. Moreover, the tensile testing results of hot rolled ribbed steel bars, the testing results of decarburized depth for steel by optical metallurgical microscope, determination results for the concentration of copper by atomic absorption spectrophotometer were evaluated in detail, which were provided as typical illustrations of applications for measurement uncertainty in detection of materials.

关 键 词：测量不确定度 不确定度评定 典型实例 拉伸试验 光学显微镜 脱碳层厚度 原子吸收 

分 类 号：TB115[理学—数学] O241[理学—应用数学]