喷硒时期与浓度对红富士苹果果实品质及各部位全硒和有机态硒含量的影响  

Effects of different selenium spraying scheme on the fruit quality,total selenium and organic selenium contents in ‘Red Fuji'apple trees

作　　者：宁婵娟[1,2] 丁宁[3,2] 吴国良[3,2] 冀爱青[1,4] 刘晓华[3,2] 杨燕君[3,2] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷030801 [2]河南省果树瓜类生物学重点实验室,郑州450002 [3]河南农业大学园艺学院,郑州450002 [4]晋中学院生命科学与技术学院,山西榆次030600

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2013年第5期1109-1117,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171943);河南省重大科技攻关项目(92101110600)资助

摘　　要：本试验通过叶面喷施外源硒肥、原子荧光法测定样品硒含量,研究不同硒喷施浓度对果树各部位无机硒含量、硒有机化程度及果实品质的影响,筛选红富士苹果的最佳施硒方案。结果表明,1)在花期和幼果期叶面施硒效果较为稳定,叶片和果实中硒的有机化程度高。在接近果实着色期或采收期叶面施硒,虽然果实中总硒量较高,但硒的有机化程度较低。2)相同喷施浓度下,树体各器官硒含量顺序依次为叶>枝>果>根,果树地上部分配的硒占较大比例。3)叶面喷施硒可增加果实中可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和Vc含量,从而改善了果实风味,但降低了果实硬度,影响其贮藏运输品质。4)红富士苹果以在5、6、7月中旬喷施3次100 mg/L亚硒酸钠效果最佳,此时叶片中总硒含量为2728.30μg/kg,FW,有机化程度达85.71%。各项果实品质指标佳,平均单果重达256.8 g。果实总硒含量为10.10μg/kg,FW,有机化程度为87.72%。The suitable spraying selenium（Se） concentration, spraying times and spraying periods in ‘Red Fuji’ apple were studied, and the effect of spraying Se on the fruit quality, the Se content and the ratio of organic Se were analyzed in this experiment. The results show that Selenium stayed mostly in the above ground parts of apple trees after foliar application. The selenium content was in order of leaves 〉 branches 〉 fruits〉 roots at the same Se spraying concentration. Spraying Se during the blooming and fruit setting period, the ratio of organic Se in the total Se content was increased in leaves and fruits. Spraying at close to fruit coloring period, the organic Se ratio was relatively low in spite of the increased total Se content in fruits. Spraying Se affects the quality of fruits. Spraying Se could increase the total soluble solid, total soluble sugar and Vc of the fruit, reduce the total titratable acid, and improve fruit flavor as a result under all the spraying concentrations and times. However, the flesh firmness is reduced to some extent, thus the storage and transport quality is influenced. Comparatively, spraying Se in 100 mg/L three times in May, June and July has the best effect on the Seenriching and yield among the designed treatments for ‘Red Fuji’ apple trees. The total Se content in leaves and fruit is 2728.30 μg/kg, FW and 10.10 μg/kg, FW respectively, and the corresponding ratio of organic Se is 85.71% and 87.72%. The mean fruit weight reaches 256.8 g. Therefore, it is the safest and most effective Se foliage spraying scheme.

关 键 词：硒喷施浓度 硒喷施频率 硒含量 有机硒化程度 品质 苹果 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]