拥挤的动机:公益投资中的公共服务动机与外部激励  

The Crowding Motives: the Role of PSM and Extrinsic Motivation in Public Investment

作　　者：李明[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学教育与教师发展学院,新乡453007

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第5期1181-1186,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：河南师范大学博士科研启动课题(521-11163);河南省教育厅2012年度人文社科研究应用对策专项(DC048);河南省高等学校人文社会科学研究项目(2012-GH-153)的资助

摘　　要：现代公共管理日益重视公共服务动机,但如何激励公共服务动机,却悬而未决。针对已有研究的局限,采用公益投资博弈的实验范式,考察了激励类型、性别和公共服务动机水平对动机-绩效关系的影响。发现:1)公共服务动机能显著预测公益投资绩效;2)金钱激励撤销后对所有被试均造成了不良后果(动机挤出);4)荣誉激励能显著提升男性被试的公益投资绩效,且不造成消极后果;但会给女性带来公共服务动机的挤出。未来研究还应考察公共服务动机是否存在内隐层面,并应当考虑文化适合性。Public Service Motivation （PSM） is one of the most popular concepts in modem public management. Employing high PSM persons becomes an important issue in the public sector, because higher PSM is hypothesized to be associated with higher performance. However, how to motivate individuals with high PSM is an unswered question. The core of this question is the interaction of PSM and extrinsic motivators in predicting performance. There are different findings according to the role of extrinsic motivators in PSM - per- formance relationship.. Frey＇s （ 1997, 2001 ） Motivation Crowding Theory was used to integrate these findings. The main purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis derived from former studies on the extrinsic - PSM - performance relationship from the perspective of the public investment game experiment paradgim. This study used a 12 - item scale for measuring PSM and a 2 （ extrinsic motivator types ： monetary vs honor） x 2 （ sex ： male vs fe- male） x 3 （PSM level： Low, Medium, and High） repeated measure design, with the amount of public investments in 3 stages as the repeated dependent variables. This game was adapted from Chen＇s （2009） public investment dilemma, and it asked participants to do- nate to a public project with 20 initial capitals. The donation will bring public good and capital increment, and will bring individual profits or losses.. There are three stages： the first for free donation, the second for rewarding donation, the third for free donation after the reward was canceled. Each stage has six trial for participants to donate. Results of this study are as follows. 1 ） PSM significantly predicted the public investment amount of the third stage and the total a- mount of public investment. 2） Variables, such as the extrinsic motivator types, the setup or cancellation of these motivators, the gen- der of participants, and the PSM level, significantly influenced the public investment. 3 ） The setup of monetary reward did not enhance public donat

关 键 词：公共服务动机 激励 挤入效应 挤出效应 公共投资博弈 

分 类 号：B84-0[哲学宗教—基础心理学]