汉语作为第二语言习得的关键期假设研究  

An empirical study of the Critical Period Hypothesis in the acquisition of Chinese as a second language

作　　者：柴省三[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2013年第5期692-706,799-800,共15页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究规划基金项目"中外留学生语言测试体系比较与研究"(13YJA740002)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：起始年龄问题一直是第二语言习得理论研究和教学实践中的焦点问题,同时也是外语教学中导致学习者之间产生个体差异的重要因素之一。本文以英语、日语、韩语、法语、西班牙语等16种不同母语的209名汉语学习者为受试,在控制汉语习得初始状态、习得方式、习得时长和习得环境等变量的前提下,考察留学生起始年龄与汉语语音、语法、词汇和汉字四个模块习得速度之间的相关关系。研究结果显示:年龄因素对留学生汉语习得的影响具有明显的模块化差异特征,起始年龄对语音习得水平的影响呈现出线性单调递减的变化关系,但受试在语法、词汇和汉字三个模块上的习得速度则沿着起始年龄维度(从小到大)呈现近似于W形曲线特征;受试的习得速度在四个语言模块上均不存在以青春期年龄为标志的"临界"转折点,起始年龄变量对青春期前、后两组学习者能否达到准母语者水平的概率具有显著性影响;多元敏感期假设对汉语作为第二语言习得速度和最终成效的解释效度高于关键期假设和多元关键期假设。Critical Period Hypothesis(CPH),Multiple Critical Period Hypothesis(MCPH)and Multiple Sensitive Period Hypothesis(MSPH)are among the most important postulates on the investigation of effects of age of onset on second language acquisition.Following a discussion of accessibility of Universal Grammar in SLA,this paper reports an empirical study on the relationship between age of onset and the tempo of L2acquisition of phonetics,grammar,vocabulary and orthography.The subjects are 209L2learners of Chinese from 16native language backgrounds,who are comparable in their beginning levels in Chinese and ways,lengths,and contexts of learning.The results show:First,while the age of onset negatively correlates with phonetics acquisition tempo in a linear manner,that of grammar,vocabulary,and orthography reveals a Wshaped curve for younger to older beginners.Secondly,critical period effect on acquisition tempo is not observed in all the four areas investigated,whereas age of onset is found to have a significant effect on the probability of whether the pre-and post-critical period groups of learners can reach native-like proficiency.It is concluded that the MSPH has a higher explanatory validity for acquisition tempo and ultimate achievement of Chinese as a second language than the CPH and MCPH.

关 键 词：关键期假设 习得速度 第二语言习得 对外汉语教学 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]