中学生应对倾向在成就目标与考试焦虑中的中介作用  

Achievement goal and test anxiety in middle school students: Mediating role of dispositional coping

作　　者：张婉莉[1,2] 陈青萍[3] 刘如平[2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学政治经济学院,西安710061 [2]陕西学前师范学院教育科学系,西安710100 [3]陕西师范大学心理学院,西安710061

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2013年第9期674-679,共6页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目"构建社会预警体系与运行机制研究"(11XZJ017)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：目的：探讨中学生的应对倾向在成就目标与考试焦虑之间的中介作用.方法：选取12～20岁中学生508人（女生301人,男生206人,1人信息缺失；初中生269人,高中生239人）,于期末考前1周完成考试焦虑量表（TAS）、成就目标量表（AGS）与特质应对量表（TCSQ）,评定中学生的考前焦虑、成就目标倾向和应对倾向的程度（TAS得分＞20分为重度考试焦虑）.采用LISREL8.80统计分析中介效应ab的估计值及显著性检验.结果：TAS平均分为（16.8±5.4）,重度考试焦虑检出率为30.9％.重度组女生得分高于男生[（24.3±3.1）vs.（23.2±2.0）,P＜0.05],重度组初中生与高中生的得分差异无统计学意义[（24.0±3.1） vs.（23.8±2.4）,P＞0.05].TAS分与成就目标、应对倾向因子分的相关有统计学意义（r =0.09～0.41,P＜0.05）.消极应对分别中介了掌握回避与考试焦虑的关系（中介效应为0.05,P＜0.05；占总效应12％）、成绩回避与考试焦虑的关系（中介效应为0.06,P＜0.01）.消极应对分别与掌握回避、成绩回避共同解释考试焦虑方差的5.3％与3.9％.结论：中学生对考试的担忧可能源自回避式成就目标；应对倾向可能有一定程度的中介作用.Objective：To explored the mediating role of dispositional coping between achievement goal and test anxiety.Methods：Totally 508 middle school students （301 females,206 males,1 gender unknown; 269 junior high school students,239 senior high school students） aged 12-20 years were selected They were assessed with the Sarason Test Anxiety Scale （TAS） for test anxiety level,Achievement Goal Scale （AGS） for achievement goal orientation,and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire （TCSQ） for dispositional coping.The students with TAS score ＞20 were having severe test anxiety.Mediating effects were analyzed by using LISREL8.80.Results：The mean score of TAS was （16.8 ±5.4）,and the rate of severe test anxiety symptom was 30.9％,and girls got significantly higher scores than boys [（24.3 ±3.1） vs.（23.2 ±2.0）,P ＜0.05].There was no difference on TAS scores between junior school students and senior school students in ones with severe symtom [（24.0 ± 3.1） vs.（23.8 ± 2.4）,P ＞0.05].There were statistical correlations among the scores of TAS,AGS,and TCSQ （r =0.09-0.41,P ＜0.05）.The negative-disposition coping functioned as a mediator between mastery-avoidance goal and TAS （ab =0.05,P ＜0.05; ab/c =12％）,performance-avoidance goal and TAS （ab =0.06,P ＜ 0.05）.Mastery-avoidance goal and negative-disposition coping explained 5.3％ variance rate of TAS.Performance-avoidance goal and negative-disposition coping explained 3.9％ variance rate of TAS.Conclusion：It suggests that worrying about test may be associated with the avoidant-achievement goal,and dispositional coping might play a mediating role between achievement goal and test anxiety in middle school students.

关 键 词：中学生 考试焦虑 成就目标 应对倾向 中介作用 

分 类 号：R749.72[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] B844.2[医药卫生—临床医学]