玉米/大豆和玉米/甘薯模式下玉米磷素吸收特征及种间相互作用  

Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization of Maize and Inter-species Interactions in Maize/Soybean and Maize/Sweet Potato Relay Intercropping Systems

作　　者：邓小燕[1] 王小春[1] 杨文钰[1] 宋春[1] 文熙宸[1] 张群[1] 毛树明[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江611130 [2]仁寿县农业局,四川仁寿620500

出　　处：《作物学报》2013年第10期1891-1898,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31201169);四川省育种攻关项目(2011NZ0098-15-2);四川玉米单季稻大面积均衡增产技术集成研究与示范项目(2012BAD04B13-2);四川农业大学研究生创新基金资助

摘　　要：采用根系分隔盆栽试验和田间小区试验相结合的方法,通过研究玉米/大豆和玉米/甘薯套作模式下不同分隔方式及不同供磷水平,即0、35、70、105、140 kg P2O5hm 2对玉米磷素吸收利用的影响,阐明两种套作模式下种间相互作用及玉米磷素吸收特性。结果表明,2种套作体系中无论施磷与否,玉米均表现出套作优势(Acs>0,NCRcs>1),且玉米在玉米/大豆套作模式中的竞争能力强于玉米/甘薯模式,大豆和甘薯处于套作劣势,两种模式均促进了玉米磷素积累和产量的提高,施磷70 kg hm 2时,与根系分隔相比,不分隔时玉米磷素积累和产量在玉米/大豆、玉米/甘薯中分别提高了17.05%、5.62%和16.84%、7.17%,磷素当季利用率平均提高了7.81%。种植模式和施磷水平互作效应显著,两种模式均以105 kg hm 2处理玉米茎、叶和穗磷素积累和产量较高,且玉米/大豆套作大于玉米/甘薯套作,说明玉米/大豆模式更有利于玉米磷素的积累及产量的提高。A field experiment with different phosphorus（P）application amount including 0,35,70,105,140 kg P2 O5 ha 1and a root barrier pot experiment with no barrier and plastic barrier were conducted to study the effects of P nutrition on P accumulation and use efficiency of maize in maize/soybean and maize/sweet potato relay intercropping systems along with their inter-specific promotion and mechanism.A pot experiment with and without barrier was conducted to find the inter-specific interactions,when root was separated by plastic barrier,there were not any inter-specific interactions but only P fertilizer effects,when root was not separated,there existed inter-specific interactions and P fertilizer effects at the same time.Results showed that,whether applicating P fertilizer or not,P accumulation of soybean and sweet potato was restrained in no-barrier treatment,but alleviating P application increasing（Acs 0,NCRcs 1）.Inter-specific interactions promoted P accumulation by 17.05% and 5.62%,and yield by 16.84% and 7.17% respectively,when P application amount was 70 kg ha 1;the promoting effects were more obvious with P application.Inter-specific interactions promoted P use efficiency by 7.81%,and P utilization efficiency was higher in maize/soybean than in maize/sweet potato.P accumulation of stems,leaves and grains and maize yield increased with increasing P fertilizer when P application was less than 105 kg P2 O5 ha 1,it was opposite while P application was more than 105 kg P2 O5 ha 1.P accumulation and yield were significantly higher in maize/soybean intercropping system than in maize/sweet potato intercropping.Intercropping systems-phosphorus application interaction was extremely significant.The results were similar in both field experiment and pot experiment.Therefore increasing the application of P fertilizer and using intercropping are both helpful to improve P accumulation and yield.Compared with maize/sweet potato,maize/soybean is better for promoting P use efficiency.

关 键 词：玉米 大豆 玉米 甘薯 玉米 磷素积累 利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]