2000-2011年中国自然灾害灾情空间分布格局分析  

Spatial Pattern Analysis of Natural Disasters in China from 2000 to 2011

作　　者：廖永丰 赵飞 王志强 李博 吕雪锋 

机构地区：[1]民政部国家减灾中心,北京100124 [2]民政部灾害评估与风险防范重点实验室,北京100124

出　　处：《灾害学》2013年第4期55-60,共6页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41001059);国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201305020)

摘　　要：为揭示我国自然灾害灾情时空分布格局,采用我国2000-2011年年度自然灾害情况统计公报数据,通过灾情指标筛选、数据预处理、构建灾情指数和聚类分析,对全国自然灾害灾情总体空间分布格局,旱灾、洪涝(滑坡、泥石流)、台风、风雹四种典型灾害灾情全国分布格局,自然灾害灾情区域分布格局及其灾种组合特征进行了研究。结果表明:①我国自然灾害灾情总体上呈现出南重北轻、中东部重西部轻的空间分布格局,我国受灾最严重的省份基本全部集中于西南及长江中下游地区;②旱灾、洪涝灾害总体呈现出南涝北旱的特点,风雹灾害呈现全国普发态势,台风灾害主要集中于我国东南沿海地区;③全国自然灾害区域分布格局存在着明显的南重北轻特征,南方地区灾种组合以洪涝、风雹和台风灾害为主;北方地区灾种组合以旱灾和风雹灾害为主。In order to reveal the time and spatial pattern of natural disasters in China, the annually statistic data of natural disasters between 2000 and 2011 is utilized through the disaster indicators selection, data preprocessing, disaster indicators building and cluster analysis. The study in this paper focuses on the major spatial pattern of natural disasters in China, distribution patterns of four typical natural disasters including the drought, flood （ landslide and mudslide） , typhoon and hail, the regional spatial pattern of natural disasters and the characteristic of natural disasters＇ combination. The results indicate that： （1） In general the natural disasters are more serious in southern areas than northern areas in China, the worst affected provinces entirely centralize in southwest areas and the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river. （2） Disasters of drought and flood totally reflect the characteristic of droughts in the north and floods in the south. Hail disaster exists in the whole country, while typhoon mainly centralizes in southeastern coastal areas. （3） The spatial patterns of natural disasters in China exist an obvious characteristic of severe damage in the south and slight damage in the north. The spatial pattern of natural disasters in the south is a combination of flood, hail and typhoon, while in the north is a combination of drought and hail

关 键 词：自然灾害 灾情格局 旱灾 洪涝 台风 风雹 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]