交替灌溉下不同水氮供给对番茄产量和品质的影响  

Effect of Water and Nitrogen Supply on Tomato Yield and Quality Under Alternative Irrigation

作　　者：刘小刚[1] 张彦[1] 张富仓[2] 蔡焕杰[2] 李志军[2] 杨启良[1] 杨具瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,昆明650024 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第4期283-287,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51109102;51009073);国家"十二五""863"项目(2011AA100504);云南省应用基础研究资助项目(2010ZC043);云南省教育厅重点项目(2011Z035);水利部公益项目(201101042)

摘　　要：为探明交替灌溉条件下蔬菜的最佳水氮供给模式,采用盆栽试验,以常规充分灌水为对照,研究交替灌溉条件下不同水氮供给对番茄产量、水分利用效率和品质的影响。结果表明:和常规充分灌水相比,交替持续高水、交替开花坐果期低水、交替结果期低水和交替持续低水的产量分别下降5.08%,13.31%,21.28%和28.22%,而灌溉水分利用效率分别增加11.90%,7.36%,10.30%和6.74%。中氮处理的产量和灌溉水分利用效率最大。和常规充分灌水相比,交替持续高水、交替开花坐果期低水、交替结果期低水和交替持续低水处理可提高番茄可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、番茄红素、维生素C和硝酸盐含量,而减少有机酸含量。交替灌水条件下,高氮处理的番茄可溶性固形物、有机酸和硝酸盐含量最高,而中氮处理的番茄可溶性糖、番茄红素、维生素C含量最高。综合考虑产量、水分利用和品质的因素,交替灌溉条件下番茄的最佳水氮供给模式为开花结果期低水中氮处理。The objective of this study was to explore the optimum supply mode of water and nitrogen for vegetable under controlled root-divided alternative irrigation(CRAI),pot experiment of tomato was conducted and conventional sufficient irrigation(CI)was took as control,and the effect of water and nitrogen supply under CRAI on tomato yield,water use efficiency and quality were studied.Results showed that,compared with CI,tomato yield under continued high water,low water at flowering and fruit set stage,low water at full fruit stage and continued low water decreased by 5.08%,13.31%,21.28% and 28.22%,and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)increased by 11.90%,7.36%,10.30%and 6.74%respectively.The treatment of middle nitrogen under CRAI could obtain higher yield and IWUE.Compared with CI,continued high water,low water at flowering and fruit set stage,low water at full fruit stage and continued low water under CRAI could increase tomato soluble solids,soluble sugar,lycopene,nitrate and vitamin C,while organic acid content decreased.The treatment of high nitrogen under CRAI could obtain higher soluble solids,organic acid and nitrate,while the treatment of middle nitrogen under CRAI could obtain higher soluble sugar,lycopene and vitamin C.Higher yield,quality and IWUE could be obtained by low water at flowering and fruit set stage and middle nitrogen under CRAI simultaneously.

关 键 词：交替灌溉 水氮供给 水分利用效率 番茄产量和品质 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] S158.3[农业科学—农业工程]