煤基多孔炭膜去除压载水中微藻的研究  

Removal of Microalgae in Ballast Water by Coal-based Porous Carbon Membrane

作　　者：宋成文[1] 陶平[1] 宋学凯[2] 吴帅华[1] 邵秘华[1] 高光锐[1] 冯祎宁[1] 王同华[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学环境科学与工程学院,大连116026 [2]大连理工大学化工学院,精细化工国家重点实验室炭素研究室,大连116012

出　　处：《无机材料学报》2013年第10期1067-1071,共5页Journal of Inorganic Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(20776024;20836006;20976021;21276035);国家863项目(2009AA03Z215);辽宁省海洋与渔业厅海洋环保专题基金(2012-Inhyhbc-0004;2012-Inhyhbc-0005);海洋赤潮灾害立体监测技术与应用国家海洋局重点实验室开放研究基金(MATHAB200916);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(3132013085)~~

摘　　要：针对船舶压载水转移所引起的外来生物入侵问题,开发了以廉价煤为原料经挤压成型、炭化等工艺制备出煤基管状多孔炭膜。分别采用扫描电镜和气体泡压技术对煤基炭膜的微观形貌和孔结构特性进行表征,并详细考察了压载水处理过程中微藻种类、跨膜压差、错流速率以及微藻密度对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,煤基炭膜表面光滑,孔隙结构发达,孔径均一,这非常有利于处理压载水中微藻。压载水中微藻尺寸越大,膜的稳定通量越小;增大跨膜压差,膜的稳定通量增幅变缓,尤其对含有小球藻和叉鞭金藻的模拟压载水,因其尺寸与炭膜平均孔径相近,容易受压变形进入膜孔形成膜内污染,变缓程度更为明显;增大错流流速可增大膜表面剪切力,减少微藻在膜表面堆积,提高炭膜的稳定通量;提高藻液密度,加重膜表面污染,降低膜的稳定通量。经炭膜处理后,渗透液中均未检出微藻的存在,显示出煤基多孔炭膜在船舶压载水处理领域具有潜在的应用前景。Introduction of invasive species via ballast water has been identified as one of the greatest threats to oceans. The coal-based porous carbon membrane with low cost for removal of microalgae in ballast water was prepared by car- bonization of tubular carbonaceous precursor obtained by extrusion method. Scanning electron microscopy and bub- ble-pressure method were employed to investigate the morphology and pore structure characteristics of carbon membrane. Effects of microalgae size, trartsmembrane pressure and crossflow velocity on the steady-state flux were also studied. The results indicate that the as-prepared carbon membrane has smooth surface, rich and uniform porous structure, which are beneficial for removing microalgae in ballast water. A decrease in steady-state flux is observed as the microalgae size in- creases. High transmembrane pressure is more prone to block the membrane pore and results in the decrease of the steady-state flux. High crossflow velocity is favorable to increase the steady-state flux owing to the inhibition of fouling layer development through the high shear stress on membrane brane, no microalgae are detected. It indicates that coal-based treatment surface carbon After being treated by coal-based carbon mere- membrane is of great potential to ballast water

关 键 词：煤 炭膜 压载水 微藻 

分 类 号：O643[理学—物理化学]