西北玉米对气候变暖的响应  

Study on Response of Maize to Global Warming in Northwest China

作　　者：韩龙[1] 秦春英 李燕[3] 王志伟[3] 

机构地区：[1]山西省气象局后勤服务中心,山西太原030002 [2]山西气象影视中心,山西太原030002 [3]山西省气候中心,山西太原030006

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2013年第10期1089-1095,1103,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项(2005DIB3J100);山西省科技攻关项目(20120313031-3;20120311010-1)

摘　　要：选取陕西凤翔、大荔和新疆若羌、喀什的夏玉米,新疆乌兰乌苏、新源和甘肃武威、张家川的春玉米1980—2004年主要生育期资料,运用距平、线性趋势等方法分析所选地区玉米生育期变化特征及其对气候变暖的响应。结果表明,(1)西北地区夏玉米变化趋势不一致,各地播种期呈提前趋势,但大荔变化呈推迟趋势;各地成熟期呈提前趋势,但变化趋势不明显;全生育期呈推迟趋势,但大荔因播种期推迟趋势大而成熟期提前,使得整个生育期缩短。(2)西北地区春玉米播种期普遍提前,成熟期变化趋势不明显,整个生育期呈推迟趋势。(3)西北地区春玉米突变点普遍出现在20世纪80年代,夏玉米突变点均在西北地区气候变化的偏冷偏暖期内,突变点与气候突变时间及气候变化趋势较为一致,是对气候变化的响应。The main growth period data of summer maize in Fengxiang and Dali in Shaanxi province and Ruoqiang and Kashen in Xinjiang province, and the data of spring maize in Wuwei and Zhangjiachuan in Gansu province and Wulanwusu and Xinyuan in Xin- jiang province from 1980 to 2004 were applied to analyze variation characteristics during growth stage of the maize, the effects of the global warming on maize by the methods of anomaly and linear tendency. The results show that： （ 1 ）The trends of summer maize inconsis- tent in the Northwest, the changes of summer maize in sowing anomaly had been promoted, but Dali change had been prolonged; the changes of summer maize in maturity had been promoted, but the trend was not so obvious; the whole growth period was prolonged, due to sowing trend of large mature in advance, resulting the entire growth period had been shortened. （ 2 ） The spring maize in sowing in North west had been promoted, the maturity trend had not obvious, and the full growth period had been prolonged.（ 3 ）The spring maize in North- west mutation had happened in the 1980s, the summer maize mutations cool warm period in the Northwest climate change, the abrupt points had in more consistent in the time of the climate change and trend of climate changes, which had the response to climate change.

关 键 词：春玉米 夏玉米 生育期 突变 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]