中国江南先秦时期人类活动与环境变化  

Relationship between Human Activities and Environmental Changes in The Yangtze Delta of China before Qin Dynasty

作　　者：张立[1] 吴健平[1] 刘树人[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育部城市与环境考古遥感开放研究实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《地理学报》2000年第6期661-670,共10页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然基金资助项目(49271053)

摘　　要：从江南先秦时期不同阶段内遗址内涵和位置的变化着手 ,分析江南人类活动与环境变迁的关系 ,探索江南先秦文化遗址中文化层年代不连续的原因 ,并提出江南先秦文化中心变迁的路径。江南先民是从适应自然走向改造自然道路的 ,由于认识和改造自然的能力有限 ,江南土著文化随自然条件发生兴衰 。The paper discusses the topic from two aspects: 1 The trace of human activities before Qin Dynasty in Jiangnan (south of the Yangtze River). Jiangnan situated on the Yangtze Delta (30°00′~32°20′N, 117°~122°E), topographically is lower in the eastern part and higher in the western. In western Jiangnan, human activities intervened as early as from Old Stone Age, and the affected region continued to extend gradually towards the southeastern during Neolithic. Up to the Qin Dynasty, the cultural sites had been distributed over Jiangnan, with obvious density center of those in various cultural times. 2 Man environment relationship in various cultural times before Qin Dynasty in Jiangnan. It showed certain regularities that the spatial position changes of density center of the cultural sites in Jiangnan in various times were compatible with natural conditions such as temperature, humidity and sea level changes. Based on studies of connotation and changing position of those sites and analysis of man environment relationship and the reasons accountable for cultural layers within sites interrupted in Jiangnan before Qin Dynasty, the changing route of cultural center in Jiangnan before Qin Dynasty was put forward. Finally this paper gives a conclusion that the changes of human activity center are directly related with environmental change. If changes of temperature, precipitation and sea level did not exceed certain limitations, then the Lake Taihu region became cultural center when sea level descended and the amount of precipitation was less than that at the present; whereas sea level rose and the amount of precipitation was higher than that at present, the cultural center moved northward to Ningbo Zhenjiang region. Such a cycling made Jiangnan culture continue to penetrate, blend and change.

关 键 词：江南 遗址 马家浜文化 崧泽文化 良渚文化 湖熟文化 吴越文化 

分 类 号：K901.9[历史地理—人文地理学] X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]