浙江省土壤中细菌对抗生素耐药性的生态分布特征  

Ecological distribution of antibiotic resistance of soil bacteria in Zhejiang Province

作　　者：徐秋桐[1] 常跃畅[1] 章明奎[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院土水资源与环境研究所,杭州310058 [2]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点研究实验室,杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2013年第5期537-544,共8页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21177108)

摘　　要：从浙江省各地采集不同类别土壤样品146个，采用平板稀释法测定土壤细菌在无和舍有抗生素（土霉素或磺胺二甲嘧啶，质量分数为1mg／kg）培养基上的生长情况，用可培养耐药茵发生率作为指标，评估不同土壤类型、不同土地利用方式和不同地貌类型区的土壤中细菌对土霉素和磺胺二甲嘧啶的耐药性，分析浙江省区域内土壤中细菌抗生素耐药性的生态分布特征．结果表明：浙江省表层土壤中细菌对土霉素和磺胺二甲嘧啶的耐药发生率分别为5．75％～48．23％和4．52％～36．71％；表层土壤中细菌抗生素耐药发生率的平均值为水网平原、河谷平原〉滨海平原〉丘陵山地；潮土〉水稻土〉红壤、紫色土〉盐土〉石灰土、粗骨土〉黄壤；蔬菜地〉果园〉旱地、水稻田〉荒地〉林地；养殖场〉居民区〉农地．土壤中细菌的抗生素耐药发生率随海拔升高而下降；而在同一土壤剖面中细菌的抗生素耐药发生率随深度的增加而下降．土壤中细菌对土霉素的耐药发生率与其对磺胺二甲嘧啶的耐药性呈现显著的相关（r=0．816，n=136）．研究认为土壤中细菌抗生素耐药性的生态分布特征差异与人类活动密切相关。Within a relatively short period of time after the first antimicrobial drugs were introduced, bacteria began exhibiting varying degrees of resistance. The excessive use （and abuse） of antibiotics in agriculture, and in both human and veterinary medicine, has played a critical causative role in the development of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is an increasing challenge for health care services worldwide. If antibiotics become ineffective, infectious diseases will lead to an increase in morbidity and eventually premature mortality. Moreover, antibiotic resistance imposes enormous health expenditure from higher treatment costs and lower clinical treatment effect. Antibiotics of both human and veterinary origins have been widely detected in various environmental matrices including surface water, groundwater, soils, and sediments. Oxytetracycline, sulfadimidine, and their epimers/isomers were most frequently detected. Antibiotics enter soils by the use of animal excrements as fertilizers. Here, antibiotics can have effects on the functional and structure composition of the soil microbial community and its activity, and it may increase the abundance and transfer ability of antibiotic resistance genes. The influence of plant roots on the soil environment and its microflora by exudation of growth substrates might considerably increase this effect. Recently the effect of animal manure spiked with antibiotics on the absolute and relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and transfer frequencies of plasmids conferring antibiotic resistance in exogenous plasmid isolations were investigated in a microcosm experiment. However, it is scarcely known how the human-induced antibiotics affect the bacteria antibiotic resistance in the real soils.

关 键 词：土霉素 磺胺二甲嘧啶 土壤 细菌抗生素耐药性 生态分布 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]