不同汽爆预处理对干玉米秸秆青贮效果的影响  

Effect of steam explosion pretreatment on ensiling performance of dry corn stover

作　　者：贾晶霞[1] 梁宝忠[1] 王艳红[1] 赵永亮[1] 李建东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第20期192-198,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家农业部农业科技成果转化资金项目(03EFN211100010)

摘　　要：为了扩大可用于青贮的玉米秸秆资源量,通过借鉴青贮、黄贮和汽爆玉米秸秆加工技术的优点,该文提出使用低强度汽爆对干黄玉米秸秆进行预处理,改进玉米秸秆青贮效果的方法。通过低强度汽爆（0.6~1.4 MPa,5 min）将玉米秸秆中的半纤维素适当降解为寡糖和单糖,增加玉米秸秆中的可溶性糖含量。调节质量含水率为70%,然后使用塑料袋密闭汽爆预处理后的玉米秸秆进行青贮。通过检测青贮过程中pH值、有机酸含量、氨态氮占总氮的比例等参数,并使用农业部青贮饲料质量评定标准对获得的青贮饲料进行评分。结果显示低强度汽爆（1.0 MPa,5 min）预处理可有效的增加干黄玉米秸秆中的可溶性糖含量,使饲料等级从＂一般＂到＂优＂。该方法可有效地增加可用于青贮的玉米秸秆资源量。Ensiling is an important crop straw feed processing method. It can not only effectively improve the nutritional value of crop straws, but also increase the storage time. Currently the corn and silage corn cultivated areas are 3.35 X 107 and 2.083 X 106 hm2 in China. The corn stover （CS） annual production is about 260 million tons. However, due to the requirements of the moisture content and freshness, only the un-harvested or newly harvested CS can be used as ensiling. This limits the operation time of ensiling and the scope of CS. In order to expand the available range of CS and reduce the unnecessary use of additives, the advantages of three straw feed processing methods of silage, microbial silage and steam explosion were studied. On these bases, the feasibility of improving dry CS ensiling performance by steam-explosion pretreatment was tested in this work. First, the dry CS was cut into 3-5 cm, adjusted the moisture content to 50% （w/w） and pretreated under different intensities （0.8-1.4 MPa, 5 min） in a 5 L steam explosion reactor. The steam-exploded CS was water-washed to remove the soluble fraction. Then the structural components of cellulose, hemicellulose and Klason lignin in the solid residual and the soluble sugar, acetic acid and furfural in the water-washed liquor were determined according to the two-step quantitative hydrolysis method recommended by National Renewable Energy Laboratory （NREL）. Based on these data, the material recovery ratio was calculated to evaluate the efficiency of steam explosion pretreatment. Then, the pretreated and un-pretreated CS samples were used in ensiling experiments. In addition to water, any microbial inoculants and enzyme was not used. The samples including control samples were added tap water according to the real moisture content and adjusted the final moisture content to 70% （w/w）. Each 5 kg sample was loaded in a sealed plastic bag and ensilaged in 15-25~C. Throughout the experiment, silage feed pH value, organic acids and volatile basic n

关 键 词：秸秆 爆破 试验 青贮 

分 类 号：TS959.2[轻工技术与工程]