环池的显微解剖和临床价值  

Microanatomy of ambient cistern and its clinical significance

作　　者：陈兵[1] 伦鹏[1] 张杰[1] 曲静[1] 陈晓东[1] 丰育功[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学医学院附属医院神经外科,山东青岛266011

出　　处：《中华神经外科疾病研究杂志》2013年第5期415-417,共3页Chinese Journal of Neurosurgical Disease Research

摘　　要：目的探讨环池的显微解剖及其临床价值。方法利用20具（40侧）尸头标本，动、静脉分别用红蓝色乳胶灌注，模拟颞下入路，了解环池的显微解剖。对环池内的血管和神经走行及毗邻关系进行观察、测量。结果环池内的主要结构脉络膜前动脉、基底静脉、大脑后动脉及滑车神经。主要对基底静脉和滑车神经进行了观察和测量。在外侧膝状体处，基底静脉和大脑后动脉之间的距离为（4．86±1．25）mm。基底静脉大多位于大脑后动脉的上内侧，附于中脑的外侧，直径1．0～4．2mm。基底静脉在中脑外侧面的前缘、外侧膝状体、中脑外侧沟处基底静脉到小脑幕切迹的平均直线距离分别为（9．04±0．68）mm、（4．08±1．25）mm、（6．02±2．01）mm。滑车神经穿入处在后床突后外方（12．88±3．25）mm，在幕中潜行（6．78±1．88）mm。结论熟悉环池内的解剖结构，了解环池中的血管和神经走行，手术的过程中可以更好的保护血管、神经，减少出血及术后并发症。Objective To study the microanatomy and their clinical significance of ambient cistern. Methods Twenty （forty hemispheres） formalin fixed adult cadaveric brains which had been perfused with red and blue latex were evaluated by simulating subtemproal apprdach. The blood vessels and nerves （basal veins and trochlear nerve） were observed and measured. P.~sults Anterior ehoroidal artery, basal vein, posterior cerebral artery and trochlear nerve were found in ambient cistern. The basilar veins and trochlear nerve were observed and measured. The distance between the basilar vein and posterior cerebral artery at the lateral geniculate body is （4. 86 ±1.25） mm. The diameter of BV is 1.0 ±4.2mm. Mesencephali was in front of sulcus lateral, and the mean linear distances from tentorial edge to BV, from the anterior border to BV and from the lateral geniculate body to BV are （9.04±0.68） mm, （4.08 ±1.25） mm, and （6.02 ±2.01） mm, respectively. The distance between posterior clinoid process and the location where trochlear nerve penetrates tentorial notch incisura is （ 12. 88 ± 3.25） mm.The length of trochlear nerve in tentorial notch incisura is （6. 78 ± 1.88） mm. Conclusion A good knowledge of the microsurgical anatomy of the ambient cistern is helpful for the better protection of vessles and nerves and the decrease of comphcations.

关 键 词：环池 滑车神经 基底静脉 解剖学 手术入路 

分 类 号：R322[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]