联合收割机排放和油耗特性的试验研究  

Experimental study on characteristics of emissions and fuel consumption for combines

作　　者：葛蕴珊[1] 刘红坤[1] 丁焰[2] 尹航[1,2] 付明亮[1] 李加强[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学汽车动性及排放测试国家专业实验室,北京100081 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第19期41-47,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41275133)

摘　　要：为掌握实际工作状态下联合收割机的排放及燃油消耗特性,该文基于车载排放测试设备选取10台典型的联合收割机,在其实际工作状态下进行了排放及燃油消耗特性的试验研究。研究结果表明:谷物、玉米联合收割机综合燃油消耗分别为6.80和10.29 L/h。基于燃油消耗率的CO、HC排放因子怠速工况下较高,而NOx排放因子在行走工况下较高,PM排放因子在作业工况下较高;谷物联合收割机比玉米联合收割机排放严重。2010年中国联合收割机NOx和PM排放量分别为4.84和0.47万t,分别占同时期机动车排放量的1.91%和1.94%,并给出了联合收割机排放量排在前10位的省份。该文为农业机械排放控制提供参考。Agricultural machinery has been considered an important contributor to atmospheric pollution. However, as the volume of agricultural machinery increases, studies on the emission characteristics and fuel consumption of agricultural machinery have been rarely reported, especially for real-word characteristics of combines＇ emissions and fuel consumption. Only twelve large and middle-sized agricultural tractors were tested by using a portable emission measurement system in 2013, and the emissions characteristics of tractors were studied. Therefore, it is difficult for the policymakers and researchers to understand the actual emissions characteristics and fuel consumption of combines. In order to deepen the understanding of the factual emission and fuel consumption of agricultural machinery, 10 combines were tested by using a portable emission measurement system in this study, These combines＇ emission standards included Pre-China I （the combines before 2007 model year were defined as Pre-China I ）, and China I and China II. All the tested combines＇ fuel was 0# diesel oil bought on the market. Three typical operating modes were included in the tests, namely idling, moving, and working. Both emission factors and fuel consumption were obtained in different operating modes. The results showed that fuel consumption of grain combines was 6.799L/h, as for corn combines, the value turned out to be 10.287L/h. The largest averaged fuel consumption from grain combines was under working among the three modes, as same as the com combines. It was also indicated that instantaneous fuel consumption during working mode was higher than that during idle and moving modes. However, fuel-based CO and HC emissions measured at idling appeared higher than that measured in moving and working modes. Fuel-based NOx and PM emissions revealed their peaks in moving and working respectively. Generally, the emission factors of grain combines were higher than that of com combines. The 400 combines＇ annual working hours were obtained in Sha

关 键 词：联合收割机 燃油 测试 系统 排放 油耗 

分 类 号：TK421.5[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程] S225.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]