芝麻栽培种与野生种(Sesamum schinzianum Asch、Sesamum radiatum Schum & Thonn)种间杂交后代的生物学特性  

Biological Characters of Interspecific Hybrid Progenies Between Sesamum indicum L. and Wild Relatives(Sesamum schinzianum Asch, Sesamum radiatum Schum & Thonn)

作　　者：张海洋[1] 苗红梅[1] 张体德[1] 魏利斌[1] 李春[1] 王慧丽[1] 段迎辉[1] 琚铭[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院河南省芝麻研究中心,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2013年第19期3965-3977,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业(芝麻)产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-15)

摘　　要：【目的】探明芝麻栽培种与野生种种间杂交的亲和性,分析杂交后代遗传特征。【方法】以26个基因型(Sesamum indicum L.)与刚果野芝麻(Sesamum schinzianum Asch)和野芝1号(Sesamum radiatum Schum&Thonn)野生种为杂交亲本,借助胚培养技术获得种间杂交后代。采用SSR标记和生物学方法鉴定并分析杂交种F1的遗传特性。【结果】通过胚培养技术获得2 430个种间杂交F1株系,对部分材料的检测表明杂种阳性率为95.83%。刚果野芝麻×栽培种的正反交杂交率分别为34.62%(A)和11.54%(C),野芝1号×栽培种的正反交杂交率分别为100%(B)和19.23%(D)。F1花粉粒存在部分不育和高度不育两种类型,F1自交结实率分别为2.32—2.57粒/蒴果(S.schinzianum×S.indicum)和0.30—2.45粒/蒴果(S.radiatum×S.indicum)。【结论】S.radiatum与栽培种的杂交亲和率高于S.schinzianum。以野生种为母本与栽培种杂交,杂交种F1在株高、根系结构等性状方面超亲表现明显;株系高抗枯萎病;部分F1株系有低自交结实性。【Objective】 In order to explore the compatibility of interspecific hybridization between Sesamum indicum L. and wild species of Sesamum, the genetic characteristics of F1 interspecific hybrids were analyzed. 【Method】Twenty-six cultivar accessions （S. indicum L.） and two wild species, i.e. Congo wild sesame （S. schinzianum Asch） and No. 1 wild sesame （S. radiatum Schum ＆ Thonn） were used as cross parents, the F1 interspecific hybrid progenies were obtained using the immature embryo culture technique. The genetic characters of F1 hybrids were assessed and analyzed using the SSR marker polymorphism and biologic method. 【Result】A total of 2,430 lines of F1 interspecific hybrids were obtained through immature embryo rescue, and the ratio of true hybrid lines reached 95.83%. The crossability frequencies of ‘Congo wild sesame×S. indicum’and ‘No. 1 wild sesame×S. indicum’ cross combinations were 42.31% （direct cross）, 11.54% （reciprocal cross）, 100% （direct cross）, and 19.23% （reciprocal cross）, respectively. Pollens of F1 interspecific hybrids presented the partial sterility and high sterility types, and the ratios of F2 seed setting in ‘S. schinzianum×S. indicum’ and ‘S. radiatum ×S. indicum’ crosses were 2.32-2.57 and 0.30-2.45 viable seeds per capsule, respectively. 【Conclusion】The crossability ratio of the cross between S. radiatum and S. indicum is higher than that of the cross between S. schinzianum and S. indicum. F1 hybrids show an obvious superiority for the biological characters such as plant height and root structure, and presented a high resistance to Fusarium wilt disease. Partial F1 lines have the low ratios of viable seed setting.

关 键 词：芝麻 种间杂交 鉴定 枯萎病抗性 遗传 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]