青藏高原的地理屏障在高原鼠兔种群分化中的作用  

The Effect of Qingzang-Tibet Plateau Geographical Barrier on Plateau Pika Population Differentiation

作　　者：刘翠霞[1,2] 苏建平[1] 张同作[1] 林恭华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室,西宁810001 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《四川动物》2013年第5期651-657,共7页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31071915)资助

摘　　要：本研究采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和直接测序的方法获得了分布于四川、青海、新疆和西藏的32个高原鼠兔种群共205个个体的mtDNA中12S RNA的946 bp核苷酸序列和Cyt b 1107 bp序列,205个个体的两个基因联合序列经单倍型分选后,共定义了131个单倍型,其中有1个单倍型为不同区域种群所共享,其余130个单倍型均为各区域种群所特有。AMOVA分析结果显示,区域间遗传变异占总变异比率的63.59%,区域内种群间变异组分占7.85%,种群内个体间变异组分占28.56%。谱系分析揭示位于雅鲁藏布江以南的区域A的江孜和浪卡子2个种群形成一个单元分歧的进化分支,位于柴达木盆地和共和盆地东北的区域B的青海湖、刚察、海北、祁连、天峻5个种群形成一个单元分歧的进化分支,基因流分析显示雅鲁藏布江以南的种群与其它种群基因交流最小,柴达木盆地干旱地带的东北区域B的5个种群次之,表明雅鲁藏布江形成了高原鼠兔种群分化中最强烈的隔离,柴达木盆地和共和盆地隔离作用中等,其它河流、湖泊、山脉隔离作用不明显。By the methods of polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing,we obtained 946 bp nucleotide sequences of 12S RNA and 1107 bp of Cyt b from 205 individuals of 32 plateau pika Ochotona curzoniae populations,which distributed in Sichuan,Qinghai,Xinjiang and Tibet.After analysis of 12S RNA and Cyt b sequences,majority of（130 /131） these haplotypes were specific to their distributive provinces and only 1 was shared by all populations.Result of AMOVA analysis showed that regional genetic variation accounted for 63.59 % of the total,intraregional population variation accounted for 7.85%,and individual variation accounted for 28.56%.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 2 populations of Gyangze and Nagarze which located in Zone A of southern Yarlung Zangbo River were clustered together;5 populations of Qinghai Lake,Gangcha,Haibei,Qilian and Tianjun which located in Zone B of Qaidam Basin and northeastern Gonghe Basin were clustered together.In conclusion,Yarlung Zangbo River played the most important role in the population differentiation of Ochotona curzoniae followed by Qaidam Basin and Gonghe Basin.

关 键 词：高原鼠兔 12S RNA CYT b 遗传结构 种群分化 青藏高原 地理环境 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]