大棚基质栽培辣椒/洋葱套作中洋葱品种和套种期的筛选  

Selection of cultivar and intercropping date for onion in pepper/onion intercropping system under substrate cultivation

作　　者：赵慧玲[1] 程智慧[1] 刘同金[1] 戴文婧[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第9期98-104,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903018-7);国家自然科学基金项目(31171949)

摘　　要：【目的】筛选适宜与大棚基质栽培辣椒套作的洋葱品种和套种期。【方法】选用3个洋葱品种（黄皮洋葱5803、5805和白皮洋葱Terminator（简称T）），设3个套种期（s1（201I-10-13）、S2（201I-1i-02）和S3（20ii-11-22）），于201103—2012—05在大棚基质栽培辣椒畦内套种洋葱，研究套种期对不同品种洋葱农艺性状（绿体株高、最大绿叶长、假茎粗、绿叶数）、未熟抽薹率、鳞茎特性（横径、纵径、周长、单头质量）和产量的影响。【结果】在套种后20～170d，不同套种期3个品种洋葱绿体株高、最大绿叶长和绿叶数均呈先升高后下降再升高的变化趋势，而假茎粗则呈先缓慢上升后迅速增加的趋势。在同一套种期，3个洋葱品种中，5805的未熟抽薹率最低，产量最高；而T的未熟抽薹率最高，产量最低；5803居于二者之间。3个品种洋葱的未熟抽薹率随套种期的延迟而降低。在sl和s2套种期，5805的鳞茎横径、周长、单头质量都大于5803和T；在S3套种期，5803的鳞茎横径、纵径、周长、单头质量均高于5805和T；3个品种在s2套种期的各项鳞茎指标均基本大于s1和S3。3个洋葱品种均以s2套种期的产量最高，s1套种期的产量最低。【结论】5805于Ii-02套种，是较好的与大棚基质栽培辣椒套作的洋葱品种和套种期。[Objective] The experiment was conducted to screen the optimal onion cultivar and inter- cropping date for pepper/onion intercropping on organic suhstrate under plastic tunnel from March, 2011 to May,2012. [Method] Three different intercropping dates （S1 ： 2011-10-13, S2 ： 2011-11-02 and S3 ： 2011-11- 22） and three onion cultivars （yellow-skinned onion 5803,5805 and white-skinned onion Terminator （T）） were investigated. Agronomic characters （standing plant height, maximum green leaf length, pesudostem diameter, and green leaf number） ,immature bolting rate, characteristics of bulb （width, height, perimeter, and bulb weight）, and yield were analyzed. [Result] The standing plant height, maximum green leaf length and green leaf number of three onion varieties intercropped in different dates increased initially before de- creasing,followed by increase during 20--170 days after intercropping. Pesudostem diameter increased slowly at the beginning but then increased rapidly. Among three cultivars intercropped in the same date, immature bolting rates of cultivar 5805 and T were the lowest and highest respectively. Immature bolting rates of three onion varieties decreased as the delay of interplanting date. The bulb width, perimeter, bulb weight of cultivar 5805 on S1 and S2 intercropping dates showed more advantages than other two cultivars. All bulb indexes of 5803 on S3 intercropping date were between than that of 5805 and T. All bulb indexes of S2 were better than that of S1 and S3. Onion yields of S2 and S1 intercropping dates were the highest and lowest respectively. [Conclusion] Cultivar 5805 was recommended and 11-02 was the selected suitable intercropping date.

关 键 词：大棚栽培辣椒 洋葱 套作 有机基质 品种 套种期 

分 类 号：S633.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]