汤浦水库及入库支流水质时空变化特征与影响因素分析  

Characteristics and Influencing Factors Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Variations of Water Quality in Tangpu Reservoir and Its Tributaries

作　　者：施练东 竺维佳 胡菊香[2] 余博识 方勇 李嗣新[2] 

机构地区：[1]汤浦水库有限公司,浙江上虞312364 [2]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,武汉430079

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2013年第5期9-15,共7页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：绍兴市重点社会发展科研项目(2011A23005);国家自然科学基金项目(51209148);武汉市青年科技晨光计划项目(201150431108)

摘　　要：运用聚类分析和主成分分析对汤浦水库及入库支流的水质时空特性进行了分析。聚类分析显示,按照水质相似性将汤浦水库水质可分为支流、支流入库库湾、水库库中3个典型空间区域和持续强降雨、雨季、非雨季3个季节时段。主成分分析显示:(1)北溪和南溪2条主要入库支流下游水质主要受到上游城镇的污染排放影响;支流入库库湾水质由于流速减缓,上游排放中的某些污染物成为关键因子,如富营养化状态、藻类的繁殖和有机污染成为该区域水质变化的主因;水库库中水质则主要受到随季节波动的库区初级生产力状况和无机盐的影响。(2)6月份,因持续强降雨,水库水质主要受到高强度的雨水和径流冲刷带来的陆源性污染负荷影响;5、7和8月降雨季节,水库水质主要特征表现为温度上升带来的藻类繁殖、细菌等微生物硝化作用增强;1-4月和9-12月非雨季,水库水质主要受到气象因子和水位的双重影响。Cluster analysis and principle component analysis were used to analyze the spatial and temporal charac- teristics of water quality near and in Tangpu Reservoir. Cluster analysis showed that according to the similarity, wa- ter quality of Tangpu Reservoir can be divided into 3 typical spatial areas including tributary, reservoir bay and res- ervoir, and 3 seasons including heavy rain, rain, and non-rain. Principle component analysis indicated that： （1） Water quality in downstream of two tributaries Nanxi and Beixi was mainly affected by the pollutant discharge up- stream cities and towns. Because of slower velocity, some pollutant became the key factors affecting the water quali- ty in reservoir bay, such as trophic level, algae growth and organic pollution. Water quality in reservoir was mainly affected by primary productivity fluctuating with season and inorganic salt. （2） In June, for continuous heavy rain, water quality is mainly affected by terrestrial pollutant loading by heavy rain and runoff erosion. In rain season （ May, July and August）, the characteristics of water quality in reservoir resulted in algae growth with increasing temperature and intense nitrification by bacteria and microorganisms. In non-rain season （from January to April and from September to December）, water quality in reservoir is mainly affected by interact of and meteorological factors and water level.

关 键 词：水质 汤浦水库 聚类分析 主成分分析 

分 类 号：X132[环境科学与工程—环境科学]