石油降解菌的降解性能及降解动力学研究  

Degradation features and degradation kinetics of oil-degrading bacteria

作　　者：辛蕴甜[1] 赵晓祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201620

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2013年第5期21-25,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：上海市基础研究重点项目(09JC1400600)

摘　　要：从土壤中分离石油降解菌,用重量法测定其降解效率,得到有降解能力的4株菌株,其中菌株H-1降解能力最高,Biolog初步鉴定结果为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillussp.)。分别测试温度、pH值、盐质量浓度、初始石油质量浓度及菌株接种量等单因素对石油降解性能的影响。以温度、初始石油质量浓度、NaCl质量浓度和pH值为试验因素,进行4因素3水平正交试验,得到最佳降解条件为:培养温度37℃,石油初始质量浓度1 g/L,NaCl质量浓度15 g/L,pH值7.0。当原油质量浓度较低时,其降解动力学符合生物处理经典方程Monod方程的线性简化形式,其中半饱和常数KS=87.45 mg/L,最大反应速率vmax=27.93 mg/(L·d);当原油质量浓度较高时,其降解速率大于方程的vmax。The aim of this paper is to disclose the degradation perfor- mance of oil-degrading bacteria. For this purpose, we have adopted a treating method of oil pollution problem in two approaches, that is, the physical and chemical approach, and the biological approach. As compared with the physical and chemical methods, bioremediation has shown less impact on the health od human beings and the envi- ronment. Moreover, it is cost-effective as compared with the former. It is just for the above reasons that we are attempting to find out the best conditions for the experimental oil degrading bacteria. It is also for this purpose that we have isolated the oil degrading bacteria from the soil and tested its degradation efficiency by using the weighing method before obtaining the 4 stems of strains which enjoy the ability to degrade oil. Among the four stems of strains of bacteria, stem H - 1 has demonstrated the highest efficiency in oil degradation. By iden- tifying the stems with Biolog microstation system, the stem indicates that it belongs to Bacillus sp. Changing the following conditions, such as those of temperature, pH, salt concentration, initial oil con- centration and inoculum concentration of the strain, we have tested the impact of the elements on the oil degradation. When each sample had been cultivated for 7 days, it would be possible to find the opti- mal condition for the oil degradation of each single factor, namely, the temperature at about 35 ℃, pH at about 7.0, NaC1 concentration of 15 g/L. Nevertheless, less obvious can be found the impact of Na- C1 concentration in comparison with the temperature and pH. What is more important, the degradation rate can be found in a perfect agree- ment with＇the strain＇s inoculum concentration, though the degrada- tion rate tends to decrease with the rise of the initial oil concentra- tion. When we conducted the four-factor orthogonal test （that is, the tests of temperature, initial oil concentration, NaC1 concentration and pH） at three !evels, we have made cle

关 键 词：环境工程学 石油降解菌 生物降解 降解率 MONOD方程 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]