投喂不同饵料对吉富罗非鱼肌肉营养成分的影响  

Effects of Different Diets on Nutritive Components in the Muscle of Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapia

作　　者：张升利[1] 张欣[1] 孙向军[1] 郭忠宝[2] 梁拥军[1] 罗琳[1] 苏建通[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市水产科学研究所,北京100068 [2]广西水产研究所,南宁530021

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2013年第10期1210-1220,共11页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金"国家罗非鱼产业技术体系"(CARS-49);农业部都市农业(北方)重点实验室(No.99124120)

摘　　要：为了探索高密度养殖模式下投喂不同饵料对吉富罗非鱼(genetic improvement of farmed Tilapia,GIFT)肌肉营养成分的影响,本研究采用常规方法测定膨化浮性饲料投喂组和普通沉性饲料投喂组吉富罗非鱼肌肉营养成分。结果表明,膨化浮性饲料投喂组肌肉中粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量显著高于普通沉性饲料投喂组(P<0.05),而水分含量显著低于普通沉性饲料投喂组(P<0.05)。两实验组均检测出18种常见氨基酸,且多数氨基酸含量在组间存在显著差异(P<0.05);膨化浮性饲料投喂组肌肉中鲜味氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量和氨基酸总量均显著高于普通沉性饲料投喂组(P<0.05);必需氨基酸指数(essential aamino acid index,EAAI)分别为65.64和62.62,其构成比例仅膨化浮性饲料投喂组符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization,FAO/WHO)的标准。根据氨基酸评分(amino acid score,AAS)和化学评分(chemical score,CS),两实验组的第一限制性氨基酸均为色氨酸(Trp),而第二限制性氨基酸略存差异。检测出的11种脂肪酸中,多数饱和脂肪酸在膨化浮性饲料投喂组的含量显著高于普通沉性饲料投喂组(P<0.05),而多数不饱和脂肪酸在膨化浮性饲料投喂组的含量显著低于普通沉性饲料投喂组(P<0.05)。膨化浮性饲料投喂组微量元素含量最高为锌(Zn),而普通沉性饲料投喂组微量元素含量最高为铁(Fe)。总体分析来看,膨化浮性饲料优于普通沉性饲料。本研究结果为评价高密度养殖模式下吉富罗非鱼的营养品质提供了依据。To investigate the effects of different diets on nutritive components in the muscle of genetic improvement of farmed Tilapia（GIFT） in high-density fishery mode, the nutritional components in the muscle of the inflated floating feeds group and the common sinking feeds group of GIFT were tested and analyzed with routine methods. The results showed that the contents of crude protein, crude fat and crude ash in the muscle of the inflated floating feeds group were significantly higher compared with the common sinking feeds group（P〈0.05）, while the content of moisture appeared in contradiction（P〈0.05）. Eighteen amino acids were found in the muscle of two groups, and significant differences（P〈0.05） in the content of many amino acids were also found between two groups. Contents of delicious amino acid（DAA）, essential amino acid （EAA） and total amino acid（TAA） of the inflated floating feeds group were significantly higher compared with the common sinking feeds group（P〈0.05）. The essential amino acid indexs （EAAI） of two groups were 65.64 and 62.62, respectively, but the inflated floating feeds group was conformed to FAO/WHO criterion only. According to amino acid score（AAS） and chemical score（CS）, the first limited amino acid was Trp of two groups, but the second limited amino acids were different. Among the 11 fatty acids, the contents of most saturated fatty acid（SFA） in the inflated floating feeds group were significantly higher compared with the common sinking feeds group（P〈0.05）, while the content of most unsaturated fatty acid（UFA） appeared in contradiction. According to the composition of trace elements in the muscle of GIFT, Zn was the highest content in the inflated floating feeds group, while Fe was the highest content in the common sinking feeds group. In a word, the inflated floating feeds were better than the common sinking feeds. The results of this study provide the basis for the nutritional quality of GIFT of high-density fishery mode.

关 键 词：吉富罗非鱼 肌肉 营养成分 氨基酸 

分 类 号：S965.122[农业科学—水产养殖]