机构地区:[1]第三军医大学新桥医院全军呼吸内科研究所,重庆400037
出 处:《中华医学杂志》2013年第38期3023-3026,共4页National Medical Journal of China
摘 要:目的探讨cT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术对肺部恶性肿瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析了第三军医大学新桥医院呼吸内科2010年1月至2012年11月行cT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检,并确诊为恶性肿瘤的患者资料。分析患者性别、年龄、穿刺部位、患者体位、病灶大小、进针深度、是否合并COPD、穿刺针数以及操作者经验是否丰富等因素对气胸和咯血发生率的影响。结果本组623例,其中男410例,女213例;年龄15~87岁,平均(60±11)岁。经穿刺病理确诊为恶性肿瘤618例(99.2%)。病理分布为腺癌387例(62.1%),鳞癌166例(26.6%),小细胞肺癌30例(4.8%),未分型癌18例(2.9%),肉瘤样癌6例(0.9%),平滑肌肉瘤3例(0.5%),腺鳞癌及神经内分泌癌各2例(0.3%),低分化类癌、筛状癌、转移性肾细胞癌、恶性淋巴瘤各1例(0.2%)。5例(0.8%)患者肺穿刺病理为慢性炎症,后经手术证实为肺鳞癌3例、腺癌及小细胞癌各1例。并发气胸73例(11.7%),其中65例(10。4%)患者为少量气胸(肺压缩〈20%),给予吸氧、休息等处理后,气胸吸收;8例(1.3%)患者肺压缩≥75%,经胸腔闭式引流术后治愈。并发咯血84例(13.5%),大部分为痰血或少量咯血,均为自限性,给予口服止血药等处理后咯血消失;中等量咯血(24h咯血量100—500m1)5例(0.8%),给予静脉输注止血药、休息等处理后咯血消失。无并发大咯血及穿刺相关死亡患者。气胸发生率与病灶直径≤2am(P=0.006)、进针深度〉3cm(P=0.044)、穿刺针数≥3针(P=0.025)、操作者经验欠丰富(P=0.003)及合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)(P=0.036)等因素相关;咯血的发生率也与病灶直径≤2em(P=0.031)、进针深度〉3cm(P=0.018)、穿刺针数≥3针(P=0.015)及操作者经验欠�Objective To explore the diagnostic efficiency of percutaneous lung biopsy for malignant lung tumors under the guidance of computed tomography (CT). Methods The clinical data of 623 patients undergoing CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy at Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University from January 2010 to November 2012 were analyzed to examine the influencing factors for the occurrences of pneumothorax and hemoptysis, including patient age, gender, site of puncture, tumor location and size, depth and number of puncture, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and doctor's clinical experience. Results A total of 623 cases were recruited. There were 410 male and 213 female with an average age of 60 ± 11 (15 -87 ) years. Among them, 618 were diagnosed as malignant lung tumors with a positive rate of 99. 2%. Pathological classifications were adenocarcinoma ( n = 387, 62. 1%), squamous carcinoma (n = 166, 26. 6%), small cell lung cancer (n =30, 4. 8%), undifferentiated cancer ( n = 18, 2.9% ) adenosquamous carcinoma ( n =2, 0. 3% ), sarcomatoid carcinoma (n = 6, 0.9%), leiomyosarcoma (n = 3, 0.5%), neuroendocrine carcinoma (n = 2, 0. 3%), low differentiated carainoid ( n = 1, 0. 2% ), cribriform carcinoma ( n = 1,0. 2% ), malignant lymphoma ( n = 1,0. 2% ) and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (n = 1, 0. 2% ) respectively. Another 5 patients (0. 8% ) had an initial diagnosis of chronic inflammation according to their pathological features of lung punctures. Their definite diagnoses were lung squamous cell carcinoma ( n = 3 ), adenocarcinoma ( n = 1 ) and small cell carcinoma (n = 1 ) respectively. The major complications were pneumothorax and hemoptysis. Among 73 cases of pneumothorax (n = 73, 11.7%), 65 cases (n = 65, 10.4%) of mild pneumothorax (lung compression 〈20% ) were cured by sufficient oxygen inhalation and repose while 8 cases (1.3%) suffered lung compression ≥ 75%
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