动物伦理、同情与感情——一个整体性框架  

Animal Ethics,Empathy and Emotions ——A Holistic Framework

作　　者：劳若诗 贝安德 王珀[3] 

机构地区：[1]澳大利亚拉筹伯大学哲学系 [2]澳大利亚拉筹伯大学 [3]山东交通学院社科部

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2013年第3期1-16,共16页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：本文有两个目标。第一部分提出了一个用于分析和理解人类与动物关系的整体性框架,用以讨论有关动物福利和伦理的各种论证,重点论述了作为沟通交流中的开放性的自主(自由意志)的观念,以及人类与其他很多动物之间通过"同情"这一基础性的心理机能所推动的情感的反馈。第二部分将追溯并分析道德视角下动物地位的发展,以及从整个中世纪欧洲人类中心的宗教观下人们对动物的看法到启蒙时期乃至现代各种非人类中心的关于动物的态度。本文也将讨论生态女性主义对于各种形式的"支配"和"歧视"(例如种族主义、性别主义、阶级优越论和物种歧视)剖析,生态女性主义认为这些"支配"和歧视之间存在相互关联和相互强化作用,因为它们在思想意识上都建立在同样的"支配逻辑"的基础之上。本文还讨论了这些群体(例如黑奴、妇女、工人以及动物)各自获得解放的程度,以及在整体性框架下对近代欧洲有关动物福利和权利保护的立法的解释。这一框架给予了同情和情感的开放性在沟通和道德中的基础地位。This paper has two objectives. The first part of the paper will put forward a holistic framework for analyzing and understanding human-animal relations and for moving forward debates concerning animal welfare and ethics. In particular, it articulates a conception of autonomy as openness in the communication and development of emotional responses via empathy, a fundamental psychological function that human beings share with members of many other animal species. The second part of the paper will trace and analyze the development of moral perspectives on the status of animals and human treatment of animals in Europe from the anthropocentric theistic perspective in the Middle Ages through to various non-anthropocentric views on animals in the Enlightenment and contemporary times. The paper will also discuss the ecological feminist analysis that many forms of domination and discrimination （ e. g. , racism, sexism, classism, and speciesism） are interconnected and mutually reinforcing, in that they are all ideologically founded on the same ＂logic of domination＂. In particular, the paper examines to what extent the liberations of the respective groups （e. g, , black slaves, women, workers, and animals） and the legislation on the protection of their welfare and rights in recent times in Europe can be explained within a holistie framework that gives empathic and emotional openness a foundational role in and ethics.

关 键 词：动物伦理 休谟 同情 支配的逻辑 生态女性主义 

分 类 号：B82-05[哲学宗教—伦理学]