生物炭对不同土壤化学性质、小麦和糜子产量的影响  

Effects of biochar on selected soil chemical properties and on wheat and millet yield

作　　者：陈心想[1] 何绪生[1] 耿增超[1] 张雯[1] 高海英[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,杨凌712100 [2]史丹利化肥股份有限公司市场部,临沭276700

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第20期6534-6542,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：林业局"948"项目(2009-4-64);农业部"948"项目(2010-Z19);陕西省攻关项目(2010K02-12-1);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2010JM5004)

摘　　要：以小麦和糜子为供试作物,利用室外盆栽试验,研究了不同添加量生物炭与矿质肥配施对两种不同土壤化学性质及小麦和糜子产量的影响。生物炭当季用量设5个水平:B0(0 t/hm2)、B5(5 t/hm2)、B10(10 t/hm2)、B15(15 t/hm2)和B20(20 t/hm2),氮磷钾肥均作基肥施用。结果表明:1)与对照相比,施用生物炭可以显著增加新积土糜子季土壤pH值,其他处理随生物炭用量的增加虽有增加趋势但差异不显著;显著增加新积土土壤阳离子交换量,增幅为1.5%—58.2%;显著增加两种土壤有机碳含量,增幅为31.1%—272.2%;2)两种土壤的矿质态氮含量、新积土土壤有效磷和速效钾含量随生物炭用量的增加而显著提高,氮磷钾增幅分别为6.0%—112.8%、3.8%—38.5%和6.1%—47.2%;3)生物炭可显著提高塿土上作物氮吸收量,而作物磷、钾吸收量虽有增加,但差异不显著。生物炭对小麦和糜子的增产效应尚不稳定,在试验最高用量时甚至产生轻微抑制作用。总之,施用生物炭在一定程度上可以改善土壤化学性质,提高土壤有效养分含量,但生物炭对土壤和作物的影响与土壤、作物类型及土壤肥力密切相关。Because of its physical, chemical, and biological stability, biochar could have a significant role in increasing soil C storage, improving soil fertility and crop yield, and maintaining the balance of the soil ecosystem. However, experimental results are variable and dependent on the experimental set-up, soil properties, and fertilizer application rates. We conducted a pot experiment to study the influence of biochar and mineral fertilizer application rates on soil quality. The biochar used in this study was prepared by pyrolyzing pruned apple tree branches at 450℃. Two soil types were used in the study： loess soil and alluvial soil. These two soils are commonly cultivated in the Guanzhong district of Shaanxi Province. The effect of biochar application on wheat and millet productivity （ both yield and above-ground biomass） was also observed. Wheat was planted in the pots first. After wheat harvest, millet was sown. Biochar was applied at five rates before planting each of the crops： B0 （0 t/hm2） , B5 （5 t/hm2）, B10 （10 t/hm2） fertilizers were applied basally at the rates of 225 kg N/hm2, 180 kg B15 （ 15 t/hm2） and B20 （20 t/hm2）. Mineral P2O5/hm2, and 150 kg K2O/hm2. Soil pH, cationexchange content （ CEC）, organic C concentration, and available nutrient concentrations were determined in the laboratory. Crop biomass and yield were also determined. Differences among the soil quality indices, among crop biomass, and among crop yields were analyzed by analysis of variance and multiple comparisons.The results showed that compared to the control treatment, biochar application increased the pH of the alluvial soil after millet harvest. The soil pH of the loess soil tended to increase as the biochar application increased; however, the increases were not significant. Biochar application increased the CEC of alluvial soil by 1.5% to 58.2%. The increases tended to be larger after wheat harvest than after millet harvest. Organic C concentrations increased in both soils as the biochar applica

关 键 词：生物炭 塿土 新积土 土壤化学性质 小麦 糜子 产量 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]