辽宁主要农业灾害时空分布特征  

Characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of main agricultural disasters in Liaoning Province

作　　者：赵先丽[1] 张玉书[1] 纪瑞鹏[1] 冯锐[1] 于文颖[1] 蔡福[1] 米娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2013年第5期130-135,256,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项"辽宁水稻稻瘟病气候区划及预测预报研究"(2012IAE-CMA03);公益性行业(气象)科研专项"森林草原病虫害气象预报与灾损评估技术"(GYHY200906028);公益性行业(气象)科研专项"东北地区春玉米农业气象指标体系研究"(GYHY201206018);辽宁省"十二五"科学技术重大项目"主要农业气象灾害发生规律及预警和评估机制研究"(2011210002)

摘　　要：利用辽宁1996—2005年14个地区的成灾面积资料,分析辽宁各地主要农业灾害(干旱灾害、洪涝灾害、风雹灾害、霜冻灾害和病虫害)的时空间分布特征及发展趋势。结果表明:干旱灾害对辽宁农业生产的影响最大,2000年发生最重,成灾面积为1.4×105hm2;风雹灾害1997年发生最重,成灾面积为4.4×104hm2;洪涝灾害1998年发生最重,成灾面积为2.3×104hm2;病虫害1996年和1997年发生较重,成灾面积为1.3×104hm2;霜冻灾害1999年发生较重,成灾面积为1.7×103hm2。从空间分布特征来看,辽宁农业灾害影响最大的地区是辽西地区。按辽宁农业灾害成灾面积大小划分,依次为:辽西地区,辽中地区,辽北地区,辽南地区和辽东地区。农业灾害中以干旱灾害和风雹灾害对农业生产影响最为严重,是影响农业生产的主要因素。Based on the data of inundated area in 14 regions of Liaoning Province from 1996 to 2005 ,the character-istics of spatial and temporal distribution and changing tendency of main agricultural disasters （including drought ,flood , hail ,frost , and plant diseases and insect pests ） were analyzed with statistical method . The results showed that the drought disaster had a greatest influence to agricultural production in Liaoning .The drought disaster was most serious in 2000 with an inundated area of 1 .4 × 105 hm2 ;the hail disaster was most serious in 1997 with an inundated area of 4 .4 × 104 hm2 ;the flood disaster was most serious in 1998 with an inundated area of 2 .3 × 104 hm2 ;the disaster of plant diseases and insect pests was most serious in 1996 and 1997 with an inundated area of 1 .3 × 104 hm2 ;and the frost dis-aster was most serious in 1999 with an inundated area of 1 .7 × 103 hm2 .The regions suffered severely from agricultural disasters were mainly distributed in west Liaoning .According to the inundated area of agricultural disasters ,the regions could be sequenced as west Liaoning 〉 central Liaoning 〉 north Liaoning 〉 south Liaoning 〉 east Liaoning .Drought and hail were the two major disasters affecting agricultural production in Liaoning .

关 键 词：农业灾害 时空特征 辽宁 

分 类 号：X4[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]