基于射线路径的叠前高精度Q值估计方法  

High-accuracy prestack Q-determination based on seismic wave raypath

作　　者：王德利[1] 戴建芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学地球探测科学与技术学院,吉林长春130026

出　　处：《石油物探》2013年第5期475-481,442,共7页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2011ZX05023-005-008)资助

摘　　要：为了克服传统Q值估计的两步拟合法所带来的统计性误差,提出了一种叠前高精度Q值估计方法。通过在τ-p域对同一水平慢度的叠前数据进行处理,并引入走时各向异性参数,克服了Q值提取中地层各向异性和走时时差计算不准确的问题;利用广义S变换的变化时窗对地层上、下界面对应的瞬时频谱进行分析,避免了传统方法中时窗长度和宽度选择对计算结果的影响,最大限度地减少了相邻层位的干扰效应。模拟数据测试和实际资料试处理结果证明了叠前高精度Q值估计方法的精确性和有效性。In order to overcome the statistical error caused by the twostep fitting of ordinary Qvalue estimation,a high-accuracy prestack Q-determination method is proposed.By processing the prestack seismic traces with constant horizontal slowness in theτ-p domain and introducing travel-time anisotropy parameters,the inconvenience of formation anisotropy estimating and the deviation of traveltime difference calculating in ordinary Q-determination method are overcome.The instantaneous frequency spectrum corresponding to the top and bottom boundary of the formation is analyzed by the variable time-window of the generalized S transform,which avoids the influence of selecting length and width of time-window by using ordinary method and extremely eliminates the interference of the adjacent layers.The validity and precision of this method is proved by the numerical simulation tests and real data processing.

关 键 词：Q值估计 谱比法 叠前地震数据 Τ-P域 广义S变换 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]