环首都贫困地区退耕农户生计与土地利用调查  

Investigation on Livelihoods and Utilization of Land of Farmers Converting Cropland in the Poverty-stricken Area around Beijing

作　　者：张蓬涛[1] 葛智超[1] 张贵军[1] 杨皓[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学国土资源学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《林业资源管理》2013年第4期16-22,共7页Forest Resources Management

基　　金：河北省社科联2012年度社会科学发展研究课题(201203073);2011年河北省科技厅软科学研究计划项目(114072172D);2012年河北省社会科学基金项目(HB12SH044)

摘　　要：生态退耕一期工程在环首都贫困地区的实施,引起了该区域土地利用、社会经济发展及生态环境等方面的显著变化,同时该区域的民生问题也受到极大关注。2013年生态退耕开始进入二期阶段,为了深入了解退耕后环首都贫困地区退耕农户的生计与土地利用情况,在该区域涉及退耕的贫困地区开展了问卷调查和走访,并结合调查结果对退耕后农户的生计状况和土地利用行为进行分析,以期为当地社会经济和生态的可持续发展提供依据。调查结果显示:退耕后农户土地集约利用与粗放利用兼具;农业内部结构由传统种植业向农、林、牧、副、渔方向综合发展;农村劳动力就业由第一产业向二、三产业转移;农户收入由农为主转为非农为主;农户家庭年纯收入增长3.36倍。但是农户生计多样化尚处于初级阶段,并存在许多问题和危机,仍需政府注重退耕区的基础公共设施建设,提高教育水平,加强职业培训、拓宽信息通道,促进信贷、合作经营等途径来实现农户生计的可持续发展。The implementation of the first phase cropland conversion project in the poverty-stricken area around Beijing has caused the changes of land use, social and economic development and ecological environment in this region significantly. Meanwhile, the people＇s livelihood issues in the region has also attracted great attention： In 2013, cropland conversion has entered the second phase. In order to learn about the current situation of the farmers＇ livelihoods and the utilization of land in the poverty-stricken area around the capital, a large number of questionnaires and interviews were carried out in the poverty stricken area and analysis made on farmers livelihoods after their cropland＇ s conversion and land-use behaviors so as to provide a reference for the sustainable development of local social economy and ecology. The results show that intensive and extensive land uses exsit in farmers＇ land utilization, agricultural internal structure has changed from traditional planting industry to comprehensive developmemt consisting of agriculture, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry ; the employment of rural labor force has been converted from the first farming oriented to industry to the second and third industries; farmers＇ income has been changed non-farming oriented and income of farm household per year has increased from 3.36 times. However, farmers＇ livelihood diversification is still in its infancy and there exsit many problems. It still needs the government to pay attention to the public infrastructure of cropland conversion area, improvement of the level of education, strengthening of vocational training, widening the channel of information and promoting credit and cooperation management to realize the sustainable development of farmers＇ livelihoods.

关 键 词：环首都贫困地区 退耕 农户生计 土地利用 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]