我国过鱼设施现状分析及鱼道适宜性管理的关键问题  

Study on the Situation Analysis of Fish Passages and the Key Issues of Adaptive Management in China

作　　者：陈凯麒 葛怀凤[2] 郭军[3] 陶洁[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境保护部环境工程评估中心,北京100012 [2]水电水利规划设计总院,北京100120 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2013年第4期1-6,共6页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：环境保护部公益课题基金项目"环境影响后评价支持技术与制度建设研究"(201009060)

摘　　要：水电开发对于洄游性鱼类产生的负面影响最为直接,阻碍了其繁殖、索饵以及越冬等生命行为。在调查的25个水电项目中,有17个采取了鱼类保护措施,其中采取增殖放流措施的占82.4%,仅有1个项目修建了鱼道。介绍了"莱茵河-2000计划"和哥伦比亚河鱼道建设及运行效果。鱼道不单纯是洄游性鱼类的通道,更是实现大坝上下游物质与能量循环的生态廊道。国内开展鱼道适宜性管理的关键问题是:建立鱼道长效运行与保障机制,对鱼道过鱼进行长效监测以及研究鱼道过鱼效果评价方法。Hydroelectric development has the most negative influence on migration fish,which will directly block their propagation,foraging,over-wintering and other vital behaviors.Among the 25 hydroelectric projects which we have investigated,there＇ re 17 hydroelectric projects have taken measures to protect fish,which consists of 87.4% of artificial releasing and enhancement and only one fishway.In this paper,we also introduced ＂River Rrine-2000 Plan ＂and the fishway construction on Columbia River.The fishway is not only the passageway for migration fish,but also provide the ecological corridor for material and energy cycling between the dam＇ s upstream and downstream.In order to develop domestic fishway adaptive management,the key question is that we should establish sustainable and effective operation and safeguard mechanism for fishway project,and at the same time set up the evaluation system and long-term monitoring system for fishpassage facilities＇ function.

关 键 词：过鱼设施 鱼道 适宜性管理 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S956[农业科学—水产养殖]