长沙市中学生抑郁伴/不伴焦虑的调查  

An Anxious and Non-anxious Survey among Depressive Middle School Students in Changsha

作　　者：马静[1] 禹顺英[2] 梁珊 丁军[4] 冯哲[4] 杨帆[4] 高维佳[4] 林佳妮[4] 黄春香[4] 刘学军[1] 苏林雁[4] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省第二人民医院精神科,长沙410000 [2]上海交通大学医学院上海市精神卫生中心遗传学实验室,上海200030 [3]长沙市未成年人心理发展咨询指导中心,长沙410000 [4]中南大学湘雅二医院精神卫生研究所,长沙410011

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2013年第5期708-712,共5页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30770767)

摘　　要：目的：了解长沙市中学生抑郁检出率及性别差异、随年龄变化趋势.探讨青少年抑郁伴/不伴焦虑临床特征的差别.方法：采取整群抽样法抽取长沙10所中学3965名学生（11～18岁）,完成自评情绪和感受问卷（MFQ-C）、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查量表（SCARED）、长处和困难问卷（SDQ）.结果：①抑郁症状者总检出率为30.70％,男性检出率为26.8％,女性为34.6％,女性检出率较男性高.青春早期（11～12岁）检出率为18％,青春中期（13～15岁）为30.9％,青春晚期（16～18岁）为36.5％.青春中期较青春早期检出率显著上升（LRx2=40.70,P＜0.001）,青春晚期较青春中期检出率进一步上升（LRx2=11.41,P=0.001）.②抑郁伴焦虑者占总抑郁症状人数的55.3％,抑郁不伴焦虑者占44.7％.抑郁伴焦虑的发生率高于抑郁不伴焦虑（LRx2=73.64,P＜0.001）；存在抑郁的男生中有47％伴焦虑,而存在抑郁的女生有61.9％伴焦虑,女生抑郁伴焦虑的发生率高于男生（Pearson x2=26.79,P＜0.001）.③伴焦虑组学生SDQ情绪症状（t=14.33,P＜0.001）、品行问题（t=3.2,P=0.001）、同伴交往问题（t=2.39,P=0.017）、多动注意缺陷问题（t=3.17,P=0.002）、总困难得分（t=10.51,P＜0.001）均显著高于不伴焦虑组.结论：①11～18岁中学生MFQ-C抑郁总检出率为30.70％,女性检出率较男性高.检出率呈现由青春早期至青春晚期逐渐上升的趋势.抑郁伴焦虑的发生率高于抑郁不伴焦虑,女生抑郁伴焦虑的发生率高于男生.②与抑郁不伴焦虑的学生相比,抑郁伴焦虑的学生具有更高的抑郁水平、更多的品行问题、多动注意缺陷问题及同伴相处困难.Objective： To describe the prevalence of depression in middle school students, and to explore the clinical characteristics of anxious and non-anxious depressive adolescents. Methods： A sarape of 3965 students（ages 11-18 years） in Changsha were screened using cluster sampling. Child Mood and Feelings Questionnaire（MFQ-C）, Child Anxiety Relat- ed Emotional Disorders （SCARED）, strength and difficulty questionnaire （SDQ） were used. Results： ①Prevalence rate of subjects over MFQ-C cut-off point is 30.70%, 26.8% in males and 34.6% in females, prevalence in females is higher than that in males. The prevalence rate is 18% in early adolescence（l 1-12 years）, 30.9% in middle adolescence（13-15 years）, 36.5% in late adolescence （16-18 years）. Prevalence in middle adolescence is higher than early adolescence, and preva- lence in late adolescence is even higher. ②55.3% of potential depressive students are anxious-depression, and 44.7% are non-anxious depression. The prevalence of anxious depression is higher than non-anxious depression, with females higher than males. ③Anxious depressive students scored higher than non-anxious depressive students on SDQ emotional symp- toms, conduct problems, peer relationship problems, attention deficit and hyperactivity problems, total difficulty score; Anxious depressive students scored higher than non-anxious depressive students on MFQ-C. Conclusion： ①Prevalence rate of depression in 11-to-18 year-old adolescents is 30.70%, prevalence in females is higher than that in males. There is an increase trend from early adolescence to late adolescence. The prevalence rate of anxious depression is higher than non-anxious depression, with females higher than males. ②Anxious depressive students have more severe depressive symptom, behavioral problems, attention deficit, hyperactivity problems, and peer relationship problems.

关 键 词：青少年 抑郁伴焦虑 检出率 临床特征 

分 类 号：R395.2[哲学宗教—心理学]