吉林省长春地区儿童龋病患病现状及相关影响因素调查分析  

Survey on prevalence of dental caries and its related influencing factors of children in Changchun area

作　　者：王国珍[1] 罗云纲[2] 李美华[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学中日联谊医院口腔科,吉林长春130033 [2]吉林大学第二医院口腔科,吉林长春130041

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（医学版）》2013年第5期1020-1026,共7页Journal of Jilin University：Medicine Edition

基　　金：吉林省科技厅基础处面上项目资助课题(201115097);吉林省卫生厅基础研究项目资助课题(20115023)

摘　　要：目的:了解吉林省长春地区儿童龋病的患病状况,并探讨其发病的相关影响因素,为长春地区儿童龋病的防治提供流行病学依据。方法:采用多阶段抽样方法进行调查,首先采用整群抽样的方法,随机抽取长春市3个区(朝阳区、南关区和宽城区)和3个县城(农安县、榆树市和德惠市)为研究区域。采取分层抽样的方法从研究区域选取6所小学(小学五、六年级)和6所初中(初中一、二年级)991名学生为研究对象。检测计算患龋率并分析患龋率相关影响因素(如牙齿排列、牙龈炎患病情况、牙菌斑、牙齿检查、餐后漱口、刷牙频次、营养状况、服用钙剂情况、睡眠时长、个人饮食习惯和家庭相关因素)。结果:所有受检查儿童总患龋率为51.77%,其中小学五、六年级,初中一、二年级患龋率分别为57.91%、52.48%、48.16%和48.98%。随着年级的增长,患龋率呈下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。城市儿童患龋率高于县城儿童(P<0.05)。患龋与非患龋儿童菌斑性牙龈炎发病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。服过钙剂、睡眠时间短、每餐后不漱口、牙齿排列不整齐、偏食、营养不良、喜食零食或甜食、饮用酸奶的频率高、独生子女、父母双方患龋齿、家长对口腔健康重视程度低和家庭收入低等是儿童龋病发病的重要诱导因素。性别、喂养方式、刷牙次数和父母职业对儿童龋病发病无明显影响。Logistic回归分析结果,患有牙龈炎、不进行定期口腔科检查、有牙菌斑、喝牛奶加糖、睡眠时间不足、偏食和营养不良是儿童龋病发生的主要影响因素。结论:根治牙龈炎、定期口腔科检查、去除牙菌斑、喝牛奶不加糖、保证睡眠时间、纠正偏食和营养不良可以预防儿童龋病的发生,应加强县城儿童龋病的防治。Objective To investigate the prevalence of dental caries of children in Changchun area and to explore the disease-related influencing factors,and to provide epidemiological evidence for the prevention and treatment of dental caries of children in Changchun area.Methods The survey was performed by using multi-stage sampling investigation method.3districts of Changchun City（Chaoyang District,Nanguan District and Kuancheng District） and 3counties（Nongan County,Yushu City and Dehui City）were selected as the research regions by chester sampling method.991students of 6primary schools（the fifth and sixth grades）and 6middle schools（the first and second grades）were selected as objects of study by stratified sampling method.The survey was carried on with the epidemiological questionnaire（such as the arrangement of teeth,dental plaque,gingivitis,the prevalence of dental examination,postprandial gargle,frequency of tooth brushing,nutritional status,taking calcium and sleep time,individual eating habits and family factors）and the prevalence rate was calculated.Results Of all the children,the overall rate of dental caries was 51.77%,and the prevalence rate of dental caries in grade 5of primary school,grade 6of primary school,first-year of junior middle school and second-year of junior high school were 57.91%,52.48%,48.16,and 48.98%,respectively.The prevalence rate of dental caries had a downward trend with the age increasing,but there were no significant differences between different grades（P0.05）.The prevalence rate of dental caries of children in city was higher than that in county（P0.05）.The prevalence rate of dental caries of children who got caries was higher than those who did not get caries（P0.05）.Calcium supplements,shorter sleeping time,no mouthwash after every meal,irregular arrangement of teeth,dietary bias,cacotrophia,eating snacks or sweets yogurt frequency,the only one child,parents suffering caries,lower degree of parents＇ attention on oral health,and the lower family income wer

关 键 词：牙 乳 龋病 患龋率 儿童 牙菌斑 牙龈炎 

分 类 号：R788.1[医药卫生—口腔医学]