冬小麦叶片和非叶器官对粒重的贡献  

Contribution of winter wheat leaf and non-leaf organs to grain weight

作　　者：鲁清林[1,2] 柴守玺[1] 张礼军[2] 周刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业学报》2013年第5期165-174,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：现代农业(小麦)产业技术体系专项(CARS-03);甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(090NKCA074)资助

摘　　要：为寻找粒重提高的新途径,挖掘增产潜力,对粒重形成时植物光合器官的贡献进行了研究。2011和2012年选用19个不同类型的冬小麦品种(系),进行剪叶或遮光21种处理,研究了叶片和非叶器官(穗、茎秆、叶鞘)对粒重的贡献。结果表明,顶部四片叶对粒重的贡献率为17.8%,其中旗叶、倒二叶、倒三叶和倒四叶对粒重的贡献率分别为10.60%,2.80%,0.05%和1.60%,而穗、叶鞘和茎秆对粒重的贡献率分别为41.0%,11.0%和5.7%,不同品种叶及非叶器官对粒重的贡献存在较大差异。相关分析结果表明,旗叶和倒二叶对粒重的贡献与株高、穗下节和相对应叶的叶面积均呈负相关;倒三叶和倒四叶对粒重的贡献与株高和穗下节均呈负相关,而与相对应叶的叶面积呈正相关;穗对粒重的贡献与株高和穗下节均呈负相关,与总叶面积呈极显著负相关,与旗叶面积呈显著负相关;茎秆和叶鞘对粒重的贡献与株高和穗下节均呈正相关。生产上选用叶及非叶器官对粒重贡献率高的品种,有利于获得理想的产量。To search for new methods of increasing grain weight and to mine yield potential, a two-year study on contribution of top four leaves and non-leaf organs （head, sheaths and stalk） to grain weight was carried out from 2011 to 2012 through selecting 12 different winter wheat cultivars （lines） and designing 21 treatments of leaves removal and shading. Contribution rate of top 4 leaves to grain weight was 17.8%, flag leaf, second leaf, third leaf and forth leaf was respectively 10. 600% 2.80%, 0.05% and 1.60%. Contribution rates of head, sheaths and stalk was respectively 41.0%, 11.0% and 5.70%. There existed relatively large differences among varieties. By correlation analysis, the positive correlations were found between height, head leave area and contribution rate of flag leaf and second leaves, and also between head stalk, plant height and contribution rate of stalk and sheaths. The negative correlations were found between plant height and contribution rate of third leaf and forth leaf, and also between plant height, head stalk, top 4 leaves area, flag leaves area and head contribution. Consequently, it was conducive in increasing grain weight to select cultivars with great contribu- tion of leaves and no-leaf organ to grain weight.

关 键 词：小麦 叶片 非叶器官 粒重 贡献 光合 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] Q944.56[生物学—植物学]