天花疫苗的研究现状和进展  

Research Progress in Smallpox Vaccine

作　　者：刘丽[1] 汪巨峰[1] 李波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国食品药品检定研究院,北京100050

出　　处：《中国药事》2013年第11期1192-1200,共9页Chinese Pharmaceutical Affairs

基　　金：国家"重大新药创制"科技重大专项资助项目(编号2012ZX09302001;2012ZX09505001-004)

摘　　要：目的对现行天花疫苗和天花疫苗的研究进展进行综述,为天花疫苗的研究和应用提供参考。方法通过查阅近年来与天花疫苗有效性和安全性研究相关的国内外文献,进行归纳总结。结果扩大天花疫苗储备已成为全球性的需要,传统天花疫苗的有效性已得到充分验证,但会引起很多副作用,需要开发更为安全有效的天花疫苗。人们先后研发了几种不同类型的天花疫苗,包括细胞培养的活病毒疫苗、复制型和复制缺陷型的减毒活疫苗、蛋白亚单位疫苗、DNA亚单位疫苗、载体亚单位疫苗等。结论减毒活疫苗与传统疫苗相比具有更好的安全性,但其免疫原性相对较低,目前,亚单位天花疫苗的研究仍处于起步阶段,需要进行更多和更深入的研究来验证其临床应用的可行性。新型天花疫苗的研发对增加使用者依从性、提高疫苗免疫效果和安全性具有重要意义。Objective To provide reference for the research and application of smallpox vaccine by reviewing the currently available smallpox vaccines and research advance in smallpox vaccines. Methods The research progress was summarized by looking up a great deal of recently published literatures on the efficacy and safety of smallpox vaccines in China and other countries. Results To expand the reserves of smallpox vaccines has become the global need. Although the efficacy of traditional smallpox vaccines has been fully verified, it did cause many side effects, which makes it necessary to develop safer and more effective smallpox vaccines. Several different types of smallpox vaccines have been developed, including cell cultured live-virus vaccines, the replicating and non-replicating attenuated live-virus smallpox vaccines, protein-based subunit vaccines, DNA-based subunit vaccines and vector-based subunit vaccines. Conclusion Attenuated live-virus smallpox vaccines are safer compared with traditional smallpox vaccine, hut have relatively low immunogenicity. Currently the study on subunit vaccines is still at the start-up stage. More and much deeper studies are needed to verify the feasibility of its clinical application. The study and development of novel types of smallpox vaccine will be of great importance in increasing the user compliance and improving the efficacy and safety of vaccines.

关 键 词：天花疫苗 减毒活疫苗 复制缺陷型减毒活疫苗 蛋白亚单位天花疫苗 DNA疫苗 

分 类 号：R954.5[医药卫生—药学]