S型辐板车轮声辐射优化设计  

Optimization design of acoustic radiation for S-form web plate wheel

作　　者：刘林芽[1] 张斌 邵文杰[1] 吕锐[3] 

机构地区：[1]华东交通大学铁路环境振动与噪声教育部工程研究中心,江西南昌330013 [2]隔而固(青岛)结构设计事务所有限公司,山东青岛266108 [3]广州市地下铁道总公司,广东广州510310

出　　处：《交通运输工程学报》2013年第5期54-60,共7页Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51268014);江西省主要学科学术和技术带头人培养计划项目(2010DD00900)

摘　　要：为了降低铁路列车车轮在运行中产生的振动噪声,将结构动力优化原理应用于车轮结构截面优化设计中,利用轮轨动力学有限元数值模拟和边界元声学模拟相结合的方法,建立以车轮结构声辐射功率为目标函数的铁路列车低噪声车轮声辐射优化模型,运用结构振动声辐射优化理论与多参数高效寻优的遗传算法进行求解,实现低噪声车轮的声辐射优化设计。通过对优化车轮和标准车轮的振动声辐射对比分析发现,优化车轮较标准车轮在辐板处的振动减小最明显,最大振动加速度幅值由209.2m·s-2减小为194.6m·s-2,优化车轮声辐射功率较标准车轮声辐射功率在大部分频段上均有所减小,在1 200Hz与3 200Hz处降低比较明显,分别达到2.31dB和2.42dB,说明利用遗传算法对铁路列车车轮进行最优化设计是有效的、可行的,给铁路列车减振降噪提供了一种途径。In order to reduce the vibration noise produced by the wheels of running train, wheel structure dynamics optimization principle was applied to wheel structure section optimization design. By means of finite element numerical simulation method and boundary element acoustic simulation method, railway train low-noise wheel acoustic radiation optimization model, which took wheel structure acoustic radiation power as objective function, was built. Using structure vibration acoustic radiation optimization theory and multi-parameter highly efficient optimization GA（genetic algorithm） method, the solution of model was programed successfully. Compared to standard wheel, optimized wheel plate vibration reduction is more obvious, for which the maximum vibration acceleration amplitude reduces from 209.2 m·s^-2 to 194.6 m·s^-2 According to wheel acoustic radiation power, optimized wheel acoustic radiation power decreases within most frequency ranges. The most obvious reductions are 2.31 dB and 2.42 dB at 1 200 Hz and 3 200 Hz, respectively. Analysis result indicates that it is available to optimize wheel by GA,and it provides a way for the vibration and noise reduction of vehicle. 1 tab, 13 figs, 16 refs.

关 键 词：车辆工程 车轮优化设计 轮轨动力学 遗传算法 有限元法 边界元法 声辐射 

分 类 号：U270.331[机械工程—车辆工程]