中小比例尺风洞模拟理论的研究与应用综述  

Review of Wind-tunnel Simulations at Small Scale and Meso Scale

作　　者：孙武[1] 李庆祥[2] 黄启明[2] 陈东梅[1] 王雷[1] 任燕妮[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学地理科学学院,广东广州510631 [2]广东省建筑科学研究院风工程研究室,广东广州510500

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2013年第6期1654-1660,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41071015)资助

摘　　要：围绕中小比例尺模型的划分、理论依据、精度范围、粗糙度增强与变形技术,综述近50年来风洞模拟中的理论研究与应用。阐述了各类主要的中小比例尺模型模拟中,基于雷诺数无关的原则,采用传统的表面粗糙度增强技术、高精度数字化地形雕刻技术以及变形比例尺技术,在污染物扩散、风资源评价、风力侵蚀与沉积、森林火风险预报等方面的应用。由于变形比例尺理论的薄弱,研究结果存在许多争议。中小比例尺风洞模拟涉及空间流场的时空概括与转换,未来应加强该领域的深入研究。It＇s suggested that 10--50 km for horizontal length scales and 1 -5 000 for scale reduction should be used to distinguish between small scale and meso scale in wind tunnel tests. As yet, the most authorita tive rule is Reynolds number independence when carrying out wind tunnel experiments on distorted scale models and exaggerated surface roughness. Therefore, according to the concept of Reynolds number, the accuracy of results of wind-tunnel experiments at small scale and meso scale can be deduced. In accordance with theoretical basis and application, for a flow system in which Coriolis effects were neglected and whose boundary conditions were similar under neutral conditions, the turbulent flow structure would be similar at all sufficiently high Reynolds numbers even the scale reduction of 1 ： 1 000 to 1： 10 000. But that is a con troversial subject. In recent years, the technology of caving model by means of Digital Elevation Model has replaced traditional and arbitrary approaches to exaggerate surface roughness. A large number of wind-tun- nel tests have simulated air flow field over various complex terrain at small scale and meso scale, but model ing diffusion over a city, especially metropolis, was rare. Generally speaking, the horizontal scales were 1 ： 3 000--1 ： 10 000 when modeling atmospheric dispersion over a city, and the vertical scales usually were exaggerated twice to ten times if the horizontal scales were smaller than 1 ： 5 000. Because of unsound theo- retical basis for wind-tunnel simulations on distorted scale models, there are some controversies for the ap-plication of the results. Wind-tunnel simulations at small scale and meso scale are related to summarization and conversion of air flow field. Therefore further research for height distortion on scale models and desig-ning boundary layer is needed.

关 键 词：风洞模拟 中小比例尺 表面粗糙度增强技术 变形比例尺技术 

分 类 号：X169[环境科学与工程—环境科学]