播期和播量对滴灌冬小麦群体性状及产量的影响  

Effect of Seeding Rate and Sowing Date on Population Traits and Grain Yield of Drip Irrigated Winter Wheat

作　　者：刘萍[1] 魏建军[2] 张东升[1] 王宝驹[1] 刘军[1] 刘建国[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆农垦科学院作物所,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2013年第6期1202-1207,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B06;2012BAD42B03);人力资源与社会保障部留学回国人员科技活动项目(2010LX006)

摘　　要：为了给滴灌冬小麦种植选择适宜的播期和播量组合,以两个冬小麦品种新冬22号和新冬27号为材料,设置2个播期(9月27日和10月7日)和3个播量(150、225和300kg·hm-2),通过大田裂区试验研究了播期和播量对滴灌冬小麦的群体性状、产量以及产量构成的影响。结果表明,冬前总茎数、返青后总茎数、成熟期收获穗数和主茎穗比重均随播量的增大而增加,且不同播量间差异显著;播期推迟,出苗数、冬前总茎数和返青后总茎数均降低。各处理均在孕穗期叶面积指数达到最大,且孕穗后10月7日播种的冬小麦叶面积指数下降比较慢。适当晚播有利于花后同化物和花前贮藏同化物在花后向籽粒的转运。播期和播量对滴灌冬小麦产量及其构成影响显著性,在10月7日播种、播种量为225kg·hm-2处理下产量达到最高。In order to clarify the best combination of seeding rate and sowing date of winter wheat irri gated by drip irrigation. This experiment used Xindong 22 and Xingdong 27 as test materials with two sowing dates （September 27 and October 7） and three seeding rates （150,225 and 300 kg ·hm^-2） so that the effects of sowing dates and seeding rates on population traits, grain yield and yield compo- nents could be investigated well. Results showed that with the increase of seeding rate, total number of stems before winter, total number of stems after winter, the effective ears at harvest, spike weight of main stem increased under the same sowing date, and there was significant difference between dif- ferent sowing dates. With the delay of sowing date, the emergence number, total number of stems be- fore winter and the total number of stems after returning green reduced. The result indicated that the two varieties both had the biggest leaf area indexes during booting stage and the leaf area index of wheat sowed at October 7 decreased. T assimilation of photosynthate after flowering and that in vege- tative organs before flowering contributed significantly to grain storage when sowing later Photosyn- thate after flowering were positively correlated to grain volume and production after flowering. With the change of seeding rate, the yield and yield components of winter wheat irrigated by drip irrigation had significant differences, and the yield was the highest under sowing on October 7 with seeding rate of 225 kg·hm^-2 treatment.

关 键 词：滴灌小麦 播期 播量 群体性状 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311