室内集约化养虾池以低频率运转水处理系统调控水质效果及氮磷收支  

Effect of regulating-controlling water quality by water recycling-treating system at low frequency and nutrient budgets for indoor intensive shrimp aquaculture

作　　者：臧维玲[1] 侯文杰[1,2] 戴习林[1] 杨明 刘永士[1,2] 张煜[1] 丁福江 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]上海水产研究所,上海200433 [3]上海申漕特种水产开发公司,上海201516

出　　处：《水产学报》2013年第11期1670-1678,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：上海市科委创新行动计划(073919102)

摘　　要：采用低频率运转循环水处理系统（含粗滤器、臭氧仪、气液混合器，蛋白分离器、暗沉淀池等）联用池内设施（微泡曝气增氧机与净水网）开展凡纳滨对虾室内集约化养殖实验。研究了养虾池以水处理系统调控水质效果及氮磷收支。结果表明，养虾水经系统处理后，NO2-N（53．4％～64．5％）、CODMn（53．4％～94．4％）与TAN（31．6％～40．4％）被显著去除，有效改进虾池水质；养殖周期内未换水与用药，虾池主要水化指标均控制在对虾生长安全范围，7号实验池（100d）与8号对照池（80d）主要水化指标变化范围：DO分别为5．07～6．70mg／L和4．38～6．94mg／L，TAN0．248～0．561mg／L和0．301～0．794mg／L,NO2-N0．019～0．311mg／L和0．012～0．210mg／L，CODMn 10．88～21．22mg／L和11．65～23．34mg／L。7号池对虾生长指数优于8号池（80d虾病暴发终止），单位水体产量分别为1．398kg／m^2与0．803kg／m^2。氮磷收支估算结果：7号与8号池饲料氮磷分别占总收入：氮93．70％与92．37％。磷98．77％与99．09％；初始水层与虾苗含氮共占总收入6．30％与7．63％，磷共占1．23％与0．91％。总水层（含排污水）氮磷分别占总输出：氮56．45％与59．86％，磷53．26％与55．79％；收获虾体氮磷分别占总输出：氮37．07％与31．94％，磷21．37％与13．11％。7号池饲料转化率较高；池水渗漏与吸附等共损失氮磷分别占总输出：氮7．00％与9．34％，磷25．37％与31．10％。实验结果表明，虾池以低频率运转循环水处理系统联用池内设施可有效控制水质与虾病，具较高饲料转化率。An experiment was conducted for indoor intensive culture of Litopenaeus vannamei for a period of 80 - 100 d for the purpose of studying the effect of water quality regulating and controlling by water recyclingtreating system at low frequency combined with in-pond facilities and the nutrient budgets for indoor intensive shrimp aquaculture. The water recycling-treating system consisted of rough filter, ozonator, air-liquid mixer, foam separator, dark sedimentation pond etc. In-pond facilities contained microvesicle aerators and water purifying nets. Two culture ponds termed as pond 7 and pond 8 were set as experimental and control pond respectively. There were no water exchange and medicine use in both ponds during the culture period. Same inpond facilities were used in both ponds and 30% of the total volume of water from pond 7 was circularly treated with the water recycling-treating system at 60,88 and 94 d during culture 100 d,respectively,while no water recycling-treating system was used in pond 8. The results showed that the system could significantly remove NO2-N,CODMn and TAN in culture wastewater by 53.4% - 64.5% ,53.4% - 94.4% （P 〈 0.01 ） and 31.6% - 40.4% （P 〈 0.05）. TAN and NO2-N in both shrimp culture ponds remained low and in the safe range for shrimp growth during the culture period while culture in pond 8 was terminated on the 80th day because of the outbreak of shrimp disease. The main water quality parameters in pond 7 and pond 8 during the culture period were as follows ：DO 5.07 - 6.70 mg/L and 4.38 - 6.94 mg/L,TAN 0.248 - 0.561 mg/L and 0. 301 - 0. 794 mg/L,NO2-N 0. 019 - 0.311 mg/L and 0.012 - 0. 210 mg/L, CODMn 10.88 - 21.22 mg/L and 11.65 - 23.34 mg/L. The shrimp growth index in pond 7 was better than that in pond 8. The per unit yields in pond 7 and pond 8 were 1. 398 kg/m^2 and 0.803 kg/m^2 respectively. The results of nutrient budgets in culture ponds showed that the major source of nutrient input was feed which accounted for 93.70% in pond 7 and 92.37% in pond 8 of total nitr

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 循环水处理系统 水质 饲料 氮磷收支 

分 类 号：S966.1[农业科学—水产养殖]