氮磷钾平衡施肥对作物收获后土壤硝态氮残留的影响  

Effects of Balanced Fertilization of N,P,K on Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Residual after Crop Harvest

作　　者：刘德平[1] 杨树青[1] 史海滨[1] 郭富强 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区水利科学研究院,呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2013年第5期42-46,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2011TAD29T03);国家水专项目(2008ZX07212-004-02)

摘　　要：基于田间试验,探讨不同氮、磷、钾配施水平下,内蒙古河套灌区作物收获后土体中残留硝态氮的变化规律,分析施肥量与硝态氮累积量的关系。结果表明,中氮及以上施氮水平(N≥160kg/hm2)下,小麦收获后40～60cm土层中产生硝态氮累积现象;高氮及以上施氮水平(小麦N≥240kg/hm2;向日葵N≥360kg/hm2)、磷钾缺素处理下,小麦、向日葵收获后可能在160cm以下土层产生硝态氮累积现象,对地下水环境造成污染;适量氮、磷、钾肥配施能够有效提高作物对氮肥的吸收,降低土体中硝态氮的残留;作物收获后,土壤硝态氮残留主要累积在0～40cm土层,当地施肥量可进一步削减。Field experiments were conducted to explore the variation of soil nitrate nitrogen residue after harvest of crops under different levels of N,P,K and analyse the relationship between fertilization and the cumulative amount of nitrate nitrogen in Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that： nitrate nitrogen accumulation phenomenon exsited in 40-60cm soil after harvesting wheat in N2P2K2 and nitrogen level of N≥160 kg/hm2 ; The phenomenon of nitrate nitrogen accumulation in soil layer appeared below 160 cm after harvest of the wheat and sunflower in N3P2K2, （nitrogen levels of N≥240 kg/hm2 for wheat and N≥360 kg/hm2 for sunflower）,N2POK2 and N2P2K0, which caused pollution of groundwater environment; Balanced fertilization with N,P,K could improve the absorption of N fertilizer of crops and reduce the residual nitrate nitrogen in soil; After harvest, soil residual nitrate nitrogen was mainly accumulated in 0-40 cm, and the fertilization application rates could be reduced further.

关 键 词：平衡施肥 套作 硝态氮残留 硝态氮累积量 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]