γ-氨基丁酸及其受体在脑缺血性损伤中的作用  

The role of γ-aminobutyric acid and its receptors in cerebral ischemic injury

作　　者：朱爱[1] 王海云[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学总医院麻醉科,300052

出　　处：《国际麻醉学与复苏杂志》2013年第11期1047-1050,共4页International Journal of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation

摘　　要：背景脑缺血时引起的兴奋性氨基酸过量释放是导致神经元死亡的重要原因。γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid，GABA）是哺乳动物中枢神经系统主要的抑制性神经递质，GABA递质及其受体的改变能改善兴奋性氨基酸过量造成的不利影响。以往对抑制性递质系统在脑缺血性损伤中的作用的研究较少，近年来，研究发现采取有效措施增强GABA能系统功能可以改善脑缺血结局。目的探讨GABA能系统在脑缺血性损伤中的作用。内容综述GABA递质、GABA受体结构、分布、生理作用机制及其在脑缺血过程中不同水平的改变及其相关机制。趋向GABA能系统有望为临床脑缺血性损伤的治疗提供新思路。Background Excessive release of excitatory amino acids is a main cause of neuron death during cerebral ischemia. γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammal central nervous system, the changes of GABA neurotransmitter and its receptor system may inhibit the neurotoxicity induced by excitatory amino acids. In the past, only a few researches were focused on the role of inhibitory neurotransmitter systems during cerebral ischemia. Recently, some studies found that the effective enhancement of the GABA ergic system function can improve cerebral ischemic outcome. Objective To investigate the role of GABA ergic system in cerebral ischemia. Contents This review focuses on the GABA neurotransmitter, the structure, distribution, physiological functions of GABA receptors and their changes during cerebral ischemia, as well as their related mechanisms. Trend GABA ergic system is expected to provide new ideas for the treatment of clinical ischemic brain injury.

关 键 词：Γ-氨基丁酸 脑缺血 脑保护 

分 类 号：R363[医药卫生—病理学]