文学理论会产生什么后果?——斯坦利·费什的“理论无后果说”刍议  

What Are the Consequences of Literary Theory? Regarding to Stanley Fish's Non- Consequentialist Concept

作　　者：陈后亮[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学外国语学院 [2]华中师范大学文学院博士后流动站

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2013年第5期35-42,共8页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

基　　金：2012年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目[编号:12YJC752003];山东财经大学博士科研基金项目[编号:B13027]的阶段性成果

摘　　要：文学理论一直被认为可以产生很多后果。在文本层面上,它可以改进阅读和批评实践;在社会层面上,它甚至可以带来政治改变。但费什却提出相反观点,认为理论不会带来任何后果,因为它妄图以超越于实践之上的姿态指导实践、以绝对中立的视角获取对文本意义的普遍解释。文学理论充其量只是对解释行为的描述,而不是解释行为本身,因此它不会带来任何实践后果。真正影响批评实践的是信念,而非理论。但反过来,只要我们不再把理论看得高于实践,而是认识到它也只是一种毫无特殊优越性的实践形式,那么理论研究便可以带来值得期待的后果,只是这种后果绝不会逾越学术的边界,也就无法改变世界。Literary theories have been long believed to have consequences. On the one hand, changes may be brought about in our reading experience and critical practices, and reforms may occur on the other. An entirely different argument, however, is raised by Stanley Fish, who claims that theory has no consequence because of its vain attempts to guide practice while taking a transcendental gesture so as to acquire a general hermeneutics of text from an absolutely impartial viewpoint. Literary theory is, therefore, a descriptive act of interpretation at best instead of an act of interpretation; hence, it cannot bring about any practical consequence. It is belief, rather than theory, that has a real purchase on critical practice. Nevertheless, theoretical research may bring about consequences worthy of our expectation as long as we can no longer take theory as something superior to practice but instead taking it as a form of practice. However, as the consequences could never overstep the border of the academic discipline, they may be powerless in changing the society.

关 键 词：费什 文学理论 普遍解释 反基础主义 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]