唐宋试判制度试探——兼论唐宋选官制度的变化  

A Study of the System of Simulating Judicial Decision during the Tang and Song Dynasties: with the Discussion of the Changes in Official Selection during the Tang and Song Dynasties

作　　者：王丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学中国古代史研究中心

出　　处：《文史哲》2013年第6期22-32,161,共11页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：河南省社会科学规划项目"北宋元丰改制前官员铨选机构研究"(2012BLS014);河南省教育厅人文社会科学项目"唐宋时期文官管理机构变迁研究"(2012 GH 027)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：试判作为吏部考选官员的手段起始于隋朝,是科举制度不可或缺的必要补充和完善。从唐、五代直至北宋前期,在选官和官员管理制度当中,试判都发挥着相当重要的作用。北宋吏部流内铨常调选人注官、南郊恩例的选人试身言书判、两度废置的书判拔萃科及其他文官考选,皆以试判为手段。宋真宗朝之后,试判在铨选中的地位逐渐降低。宋神宗朝王安石变法期间,与科举制度的改革相同步,试判被正式废除,铨试法成为考选官员的主要手段。试判制度的兴衰,反映了唐宋变革期间选官制度不断的自我调整和完善。As the means of selecting officials by the Ministry of Official Personnel Affairs,and a necessary supplement of the imperial examination,'Shipan'(simulating judicial decision)started during the Sui Dynasty.From the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties to the early Song Dynasty,the system of simulating judicial decisions played an important role in the system of official selection and management.After the reign of Emperor Zhenz- ong of the Song Dynasty,the prevalence of simulating judicial decision in official selection gradually decreased. During the political reformation of Wang Anshi,simulating judicial decision was abolished at the same time that the imperial examination system was reformed,and'Quanshi'(the civil official examination)became the main method of official selection.The rise and fall of the system of simulating judicial decision reflected the continuous self-regulation and self-improvement of the system of official selection during the Tang-Song transition.

关 键 词：唐宋 试判 铨试 选官制度 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学] K244[历史地理—中国史] D691.42[政治法律—政治学]