新时期的新思路:国有企业分类改革与治理  

The Reform and Governance of State-owned Economy Based on Classification Method

作　　者：黄群慧[1] 余菁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100836

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2013年第11期5-17,共13页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"深入推进国有经济战略性调整研究"(批准号12&ZD085);中国社会科学院重大课题"改革新阶段中国国有企业的制度创新研究"

摘　　要：本文认为,国有企业改革在经历"放权让利"、"制度创新"和"国资发展"三个阶段后,取得了巨大成就,但也面临着更加复杂的形势和问题。从国际环境看,国有经济面临国家使命提升与国际环境严峻的双重压力;从国内经济环境看,中国经济发展方式亟待转变,国有企业所熟悉的要素驱动型的发展环境正在改变;从市场化进程看,国有企业改革总体还不到位,现有国有企业行为离成熟社会主义市场经济体制的要求还有较大差距。在这种形势下,国有经济不仅要承担国有资产保值增值、自身不断发展壮大的使命,同时还要承担推进经济发展方式转变、加快"走出去"和适应建设成熟市场经济体制要求等新使命,这意味着国有企业改革与发展已经步入一个新时期。在新时期,国有企业改革的主要目标,绝不是通过国有企业私有化、民营化最终消灭国有企业,也不仅仅是围绕国有资产保值增值建立激励机制以追求国有资产自身发展壮大,而应是建立有效的制度基础保证国有经济追求"国家使命导向"的发展。围绕这个目标,解决国有经济现在面临的"盈利性使命"和"公共性使命"冲突则成为新时期国有企业改革的重要任务。这要求突破那种将国有经济看做"铁板一块"的认知观念,引入分类治理的工作思路。本文提出,应将国有经济部门区分出公共政策性、特定功能性和一般商业性三类,为它们分别构造不同的治理机制。最后本文针对中央企业提出了具体的分类改革的初步设想。This paper points out that the reform of state-owned enterprises in China, after the experience of ＂decentralization＂, ＂innovation＂ and ＂the development＂ three stages, has made great achievements, but also faces a more complex situation and a lot of problems. In the new period, the main goal of the reform of state-owned enterprises should not be the privatization of state-owned sectors. Also, it is not to establish an incentive system that lead state-owned enterprises （SOEs） to solely pursue their own development and growth. Since there is a large gap between the mature behavior pattern requested by the ideal socialist market economic system and the actual actions of the existing state-owned enterprises, the authors think that, the state-owned economy in China faces the challenge to enhance the sense of mission. From this viewpoint, the problem of ＂conflicting missions＂ is stated in this paper. A considerable part of the state-owned economy were plagued by ＂conflicting missions＂, that means, the state-owned enterprises pursuit both ＂profit mission＂ and ＂public mission＂. One of the most important task in the next step reform of state-owned enterprises in China, is to solve the ＂conflicting missions＂ problem. To achieve this goal, the authors suggest that, the state-owned enterprises should be divided into three types： general business SOEs, public policy SOEs and specific functional SOEs, each type should have a specific missions portfolio and the matching governance system and reform measures.

关 键 词：国有经济 国有企业改革 分类 企业使命 

分 类 号：F276.1[经济管理—企业管理]