传统易学论域中太极之义的变迁  

The Change of Taiji's Meaning in Traditional Yi-ology

作　　者：赵中国[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学人文学院,北京100029

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第6期9-21,共13页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2011CB505403)阶段性成果;北京中医药大学青年教师专项项目"中国传统象思维作用机制;科学性与现代化路径研究"(2012-QNJSZX011)阶段性成果

摘　　要：太极是中国传统文化中的一个重要概念,最早见于《周易·系辞传》"易有太极,是生两仪,两仪生四象,四象生八卦,八卦定吉凶,吉凶生大业"一句话。因此句表述,太极一方面成为八卦产生的首要环节,另一方面又因为八卦不仅是图画符号,而且象征天地万物,所以太极也成为天地发生和存在的一个本源或本体环节。传统易学史中的太极之义约有十三种之多:北辰、元气、无、先天本体、未分之一、一物而两体、理、心、阴阳之浑合者、天地之性、非理非心非气的天道本体、大中之道、不变之一。此诸种阐释的内涵及其义理变迁是诠释者们四种考察角度的产物:宇宙论的视野、本体论的视野、作八卦的视野和蓍卦过程的视野。太极诠释史中存在着从宇宙论概念向本体论概念发展的过程。邵雍从作八卦角度论述太极概念是易学一大发展,清朝考据学派主张太极、两仪、四象、八卦为蓍卦过程的概念并不符合早期易学的观念。太极本体论的阐发史中,邵雍和胡煦贡献最大。Taiji is an important concept in Chinese traditional culture, and it came from ＂Yijing has Taiji, Taiji produces two modes, the two modes produce four images, the four images produce the eight trigrams＂ in Yijing. Taiji is primary link in the process of generating the eight trigrams and furthermore it becomes the noumenon in the generating process of the Universe because the eight trigrams symbolize all things. Taiji has thirteen kinds of meanings： Polaris, Qi, nihility, the Xiantian noumenon, the one before the two, the one containing two things, principle, heart, Yin and Yang, the nature of Universe, the Universe noumenon, the way of middle, the one with no change. I indicate that they came from four kind of researches： cosmological horizons, ontological horizons, the method of producing the eight trigrams, the process of practicing divination, and I have four conclusions： Taiji became an ontological concept based on it as a cosmological concept, and it is a big development that SHAO Yong elucidated Taiji＇s meaning in the process of producing the eight trigrams, and in the Qing dynasty the Textural Research School＇ s conclusion that they believed Taiji came from the process of practise divination does not match the view of the early Yi-ology, and SHAO Yong and HU Xu made outstanding contributions to elucidating Taiji＇s meaning.

关 键 词：太极 《周易》 八卦 邵雍 朱熹 胡煦 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]