小浪底水库拦沙后期调度对下游河道的影响  

Different Dispatching Modes in Response to Downstream Reaches of Late Sediment-Retaining Period of Xiaolangdi Reservoir

作　　者：刘燕[1] 江恩惠[1] 曹永涛[1] 李军华[1] 赵磊[2] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]黄河水利委员会水文水资源勘测局,河南郑州450004

出　　处：《人民黄河》2013年第11期14-16,共3页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51209101);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201101009);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAB02B01)

摘　　要：将小浪底水库拦沙后期调度方式分为方式一——逐步抬高"拦粗排细"运用和方式二——多年调节泥沙、相机降水冲刷调水调沙运用,利用实体模型开展了小浪底水库拦沙后期不同调度方式对黄河下游河道在河势、冲淤演变、洪水位和滩区安全等方面影响的研究。结果表明:①方式二调水调沙期及汛期大流量持续时间比方式一的长,锯齿形洪峰少,且多数情况下沙峰与洪峰同步,小水带大沙的几率小;②方式二对不利河势的调整比方式一的迅速,对现有游荡型河道河势的长期稳定非常有利;③方式二的河道淤积量明显小于方式一的,且滩区淤积量占全河段淤积量的比例大于方式一的,对长期维持黄河下游现行河道较为有利;④方式二同流量水位较初始状态的升幅明显小于方式一的,有利于防洪安全;⑤方式二滩区的漫滩范围和滩区淤积量明显小于方式一的。In this paper,two modes had been chosen as the dispatching modes during late sediment retaining period of Xiaolangdi Reservoir,which were gradually raises the use of retaining coarse sediment and flushing fine sediment （mode I）and years of sediment adjustment and precipitation washout （mode II）. Also,with physical fluvial model,studies on river regime,scour and silting evolution,flood water level and floodplain security of reaches downstream the Yellow River had been conducted during the late sediment retaining period. The results show that a）during the water sediment regulation period and the flood seasons,for mode II,the peak flow continues,the zigzag peak reduces,the sand peak and the flood peak occur at the same time and the occurrence probability of small water with large sediment decreases. b）The adjustment of river regime in mode II is quickly than that in mode I and the adjustment occurring every year is very favorable to the long-term stability of the existing braided river regime. c）In mode II,the river siltation is significantly small and the percentage of floodplain deposition account for the whole river siltation is small, which is favorable to the long-term maintenance of the existing lower Yellow River. d）The increase of water lever with the same water discharge is quite small in mode II than in mode I,which is favorable to the flood safety. e）In mode II,the inundations range and the deposition account is sig-nificantly small.

关 键 词：拦沙后期 运用方式 模型试验 小浪底水库 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV853[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV882.1