物理大小和面积的无意识空间表征  

Unconscious Spacial Representation of Physical Size and Cover Area

作　　者：胡林成[1,2] 熊哲宏[2] 

机构地区：[1]泰州学院教育与心理科学学院,泰州225300 [2]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第6期1369-1374,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：江苏省教育科学"十二五"规划课题"3-9岁儿童数学认知机制与优化教育研究"(批准号:D/2011/01/108);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(05JA720008);上海市教育科学研究重点项目(A0411)的资助

摘　　要：意识水平的研究发现,数字量的比较机制与物理刺激比较的机制是一样的;在无意识水平上的研究发现,数字加工存在无意识语义启动现象。那么,在数字的物理特性的比较任务中是否存在无意识启动效应和SNARC效应。实验一的数字比较任务和数字的物理大小比较任务发现,在33ms的无意识启动条件下,数字语义比较任务和数字物理大小比较任务中都存在SNARC效应、启动效应以及Stroop效应。实验二的数字覆盖面积比较任务中发现,在33ms的启动水平,数字比较与数字覆盖面积的比较任务中均存在SNARC效应、Stroop效应和启动效应。It is found that number comparison task and physical stimuli comparison task share the same process mechanism （ Gallistel ＆ Gelman, 2000）. Unconsciously, Dehaene, Naccache et al. （1998） and Naccache and Dehaene （2001） revealed that the unconscious semantic priming exists in number process. Hence the question is whether unconscious process exists in the process of number physical properties. The current study explores whether priming effect and SNARC - like effect exist in the physical properties comparison task. ! Adopting masked priming procedure of Naccache and Dehaene （2001） , Experiment 1 explores whether SNARC and priming effect exist in both number comparison task and number physical size comparison task. Subjects＇ task is to compare semantic magnitude be- tween target stimuli and standard stimuli. Subjects must either compare the semantic magnitude of numbers with 5 or compare the physical size of numbers with the physical size of 5. The presentation of stimuli and collection of responses were controlled by E - Prime soft- ware （PST software）. The experiment consists of 480 experimental trials. Each trial consists of seven events. First, we present a black cross on white screen; second, we present standard stimulus 5 for 500 ms; third, we present random letters as forward masking; fourth, we present priming stimulus for 43 ms or 33ms; fifth, we present backward masking for 71 ms; sixth, we present target stimulus for 200 ms; sev- enth, we present some meaningless letters （e. g. , GMavBE） to suggest subject to react. ! Statistical analysis indicates that SNARC effect is significant,F （1, 19） = 7.05, p 〈 . 01 ,the reaction speed of accordant group is faster than that of disagreement group （335 ms vs. 344 ms）. The main effect of priming time is significant, F （ 1, 19） = 3.94, p 〈. 05. When priming time is 33 ms, SNARC effect is significant, F （ 1, 19） = 12.43, p 〈 . 001, while priming time is 43 ms, SNARC effect is not significant, F （ 1, 19） =. 07,

关 键 词：数字物理大小 数字覆盖面积 SNARC效应 STROOP效应 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]