心理距离对风险决策框架效应的影响  

Experimental Research on the Effect of Psychological Distance on Risky Choice Framing Effect

作　　者：段锦云[1] 朱月龙[1] 陈婧 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学应用心理学研究所,教育部人文社科重点研究基地-苏州大学中国特色城镇化研究中心,苏州215123

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第6期1404-1407,共4页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年项目(09YJCZH087);2012年度江苏省高校“青蓝工程”优秀青年骨干教师项目的资助

摘　　要：解释水平理论是一种解释心理距离怎样影响个体的思维决策的社会认知理论。研究基于解释水平理论,探查了心理距离对风险决策框架效应的影响。实验从心理距离的四个维度入手,每个维度均采用2(解释水平高、低)×2(正框架、负框架)的被试间设计,用于检验解释水平是否调节框架对被试决策任务的选择。结果表明,当心理距离越远,解释水平越高时,被试产生明显的框架效应;而当心理距离越近,解释水平越低时,框架效应明显减弱。除了大概率情况下的框架效应削弱至不显著,其余维度的高、低解释水平下的框架效应均显著。Construal Level Theory （CLT） is a social cognitive theory which was used to account for how psychological distance affects judgement and decision making. Risky choice framing effect was first found i：a 1981 by the 2002 Nobel economy laureate Daniel Kahneman and his coauthor Amos Tversky; it is a classic anomaly that descriptive theory is against normative theory. Risky choice framing effeetoccurs when willingness to take a risk depends on whether thcpotential outcomes are positively framed ornegatively framed. As in TverskyandKahnemang （ 1981 ） ＂Asian disease problem, ＂people are more willing to take riskswith negatively framed outcomes than with positively framed outcomes. Thatis, they are more apt to take risks to avoid a loss than to achieve a gain. This is risky choice framing effect or more concisely framing effect. From the perspective of CLT, this study explored how psychological di,~tance affects the likelihood of risky choice framing effect. The study examined the effects of CLT on risky choice framing effect by conducting a 2 （construal level： high vs. low） x 2 （task frame： positive vs. negative） between -subject factorial experiment from four dimensions （time, space/site, social distance, and probability） of psychological distance. Each dimension has four situations, thusit includes 16 situations at all, and every situation includes 35 - 41 participants. Participants were recruited from the students of colleges in eastern China, and the ratio of participants＇gender distributed to each dimension is even. Every participant should finish one of the situational questionnaires randomly, and finally we collected 614 val- id subjects. The results showed that, effect of risky choice framing effect was more significant in the high construal level conditions （ including more distant time and site, other people than oneself, and high probability） than in the low construal level conditions （ including more proximal time and site, oneself and low probability）. Specifically,

关 键 词：解释水平理论 框架效应 心理距离 风险决策 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]